History did not preserve the name of the person who first appreciated the beneficial properties and taste of grapes, but it is known for certain that people began to grow it before our era. Today, early and ultra-early grape varieties are popular among gardeners. What is the reason for this? We will try to answer this question in this article.
How to choose a grape variety?
When choosing early or ultra-early grape varieties, it is necessary to pay attention to their characteristics, especially growing in different regions and climatic conditions, soil preferences, bush size, ripening time, resistance to frost, pests and diseases. Then you need to determine the specific and taste preferences.
Grape varieties are divided into groups by maturity on:
- up to 105 days - ultra-early;
- from 105 to 120 - early;
- from 120 to 135 - medium;
- from 135 days - late.
The benefits of early ripening varieties
Today, breeders have brought a huge number of grape varieties of early ripening, which was appreciated by both professionals and amateur gardeners. Their indisputable advantages include resistance to fungal diseases. This is due to the fact that at the time of the active phase of development of diseases dangerous for these plants, the early varieties are already ripening and the crop has already been removed from the vine by this time. And since there are no more fruits on the vine bushes, winegrowers have the opportunity to carry out antifungal treatment with stronger and more effective drugs.
Another advantage of this group of plants is the fact that they ripen with a small amount of sunny days. This advantage of early and ultra-early varieties allows them to be grown even in Russia with short and not too warm summers.
The indisputable advantage of early varieties is that after an early harvest, the vine receives a lot of time for ripening and accumulation of nutrients for wintering. It’s easy to take care of the plants in these groups. Plants need to ensure proper planting, pruning, watering, and feeding. You can get an early harvest by choosing the right seedling variety and creating comfortable conditions for its development. Below we will present you the most popular grape varieties (early and ultra-early).
Kishmish
This grape came to us from the East. The very first seedless varieties appeared in Central Asia as a result of a natural mutation. All varieties of this species are characterized by a large amount of sugar. Many Kishmish are appreciated for the lack of seeds and a pleasant dessert flavor.
Previously, these varieties were grown exclusively in the southern regions, but in recent years, thanks to the work of breeders, amazing Kishmish grape varieties of ultra-early and early ripening resistant to Russian frosts have been obtained. Even gardeners of Siberia and the Urals successfully breed them on their sites.
Early grades for the middle strip
The climatic features of these regions make it possible to grow many thermophilic crops, including grapes. Given the likelihood of early frosts, gardeners give preference to plants with super early and early ripening. This significantly increases the chances of getting a crop.
The range of such varieties is quite large and this complicates the choice for beginner winegrowers. In this difficult issue, you can trust the ratings indicators that determine the best representatives of the culture for several factors: frost resistance, disease resistance, yield, fruiting after planting seedlings.
Currently, there are many varieties of this variety. The most popular of them include:
- Kishmish No. 342.
- Seedless.
- Grapes Rubtsova.
- Express.
- Rosbalt.
- Pineapple.
- Transfiguration and others.
We will try to tell you about some of them.
Kishmish № 342
The ultra-early Kishmish grape variety is successfully cultivated in the middle lane, as it easily tolerates frosts down to -26 ° C. It has been very popular for many years. Matures quite early (105 days). This is a tall plant. Large clusters weigh about 500 grams. Golden green berries are not too large (3 g). Seeds are missing. The taste is pleasant, surprises with juiciness and sweetness. Berries can be consumed fresh or dried.
Rosbalt
A variety of ultra-early grape variety Kishmish. Rosbalt belongs to the dining group. It is bred by Russian breeders. Harvest ripens after 105 days. The plant is powerful and tall. Large conical bunches are formed on the lashes, which can weigh up to one and a half kilograms. Oval-shaped berries, white in color, weighing from 2.5 g have a sweet with a slight acidity and a very juicy pulp. Bushes begin to bear fruit after planting in the second year.
The variety is responsive to top dressing with potassium-phosphorus compounds. Prefers silly rootstocks. Needs pruning. The yield and health of the vine depends on how well it is carried out. On the vine should be from 8 to 12 shoots, cut off the excess. Remove weak branches.
Watering depends on weather conditions. In the heat it is carried out every three days. At least four buckets of water must be poured under each bush. On sandy soils, more water is needed. The last watering is carried out once a week about two weeks before harvesting. In spring and early summer, grapes need top dressing containing nitrogen and organic fertilizers. Since mid-summer, the plant needs phosphorus and potassium to form fruits. Nitrogen feeding in this period is stopped.
Seedless
This is a very early grape. He ripens one of the very first. This grape variety of ultra-early ripening period is pleased with a plentiful harvest. 80 days is required for him to fully ripen the berries. A powerful bush (about 1.5 m) is densely covered with foliage. Brushes are not very large no more than 400 g, medium or loose density.
The berries are medium and small in size, painted a light yellow color, slightly elongated, seedless. The pulp is juicy and fairly dense, hidden under a thin skin. Bushes give a lot of shoots and stepsons. At the same time, experts recommend leaving no more than 25 shoots. Otherwise, the bush will be too overloaded. The vine should be cut short - no more than 4 buds are left on the sleeve for the next season.
According to winegrowers, this variety is medium hardy (about 21 ° C). Bushes require shelter for the winter. Observing this condition, you can grow this ultra-early grape variety in the middle lane. Seedless requires preventative treatments that prevent the plant from becoming infected with fungal diseases. The variety is characterized by low resistance to disease.
Grapes Rubtsovoy
Another ultra-early grape variety whose photo we posted in this article. Its fruits ripen on day 95. The bush is characterized by strong growth. A large, up to 600 g bunch has an average density. The berries are small in size, black in color, with a rounded bone. The pulp covered with a thin skin is very juicy. Clusters are stored on bushes for a long time without losing their taste and market characteristics.
This is one of the most fruitful ultra-early grape varieties. From one bush in a season you can remove up to 20 kg of delicious and healthy berries. In their reviews, gardeners note good frost resistance of the variety, which withstands up to -24 ° C. At the same time, it requires medium pruning, which should be carried out in late autumn before the onset of the first frosts. Another advantage of the variety is its resistance to fungal diseases.
Julian and Anniversary Novocherkassky
Since we are talking about the most fruitful ultra-early grape varieties, we should mention Julian, who gives bunches weighing up to one and a half kilograms and his closest "relative" - Yubiley Novocherkassky with bunches of up to 1.2 kg. One bush gives up to 25 kg of selected and tasty berries ripening for 105 days.
An enviable harvest will delight owners and the variety Anniversary Novocherkassky - up to 15-18 kg. At the same time, its clusters weigh no more than 800 g.
Express
By early grape varieties should be attributed and Express. Ripe berries appear on the vine after 105 days, in the first decade of August. The bush of medium height gives medium-sized clusters weighing no more than 350 g. The berries are black in color, rounded in shape. The pulp is very juicy, has a pleasant taste and aroma.
Gardeners note a consistently high yield, the variety is unpretentious to weather conditions and is recognized as universal. It can be grown both in the central part of Russia and in the northern latitudes. The plant withstands frosts down to -32 ° C. It can be used for fresh consumption and for making wine, juice, raisins.
Transformation
Describing the best, delicious, productive varieties of ultra-early grapes, it is necessary to note the Transfiguration. The fruits ripen on day 110. A very powerful bush gives clusters weighing from 700 g to 1.5 kg, and in some cases they can reach 3 kg. The density is medium and somewhat loose.
The berries are oval-shaped, large, pink. The pulp is very fleshy and juicy with a sweet, barely perceptible sourness. Bushes tolerate frost to -23 ° C. Affected by grape tick attacks and fungal diseases. It is unpretentious to the soil, but experienced growers do not recommend planting bushes near trees. The plant must be protected from the harsh north wind. The vine is cut to six eyes and leave up to 24-28 shoots. For winter, this variety after pruning is pressed to the ground and covered with soil.
Pineapple
Pineapple grapes early yield in 120 days. This plant belongs to self-pollinated crops. This greatly simplifies the cultivation. Clusters of medium size with a mass of not more than 230 g, but with proper care and favorable conditions can be quite large - up to 500 g.
A feature of this magnificent variety gardeners consider a bunch of cylindrical shape with a medium density structure. Fruits of a rounded shape are painted in amber yellow color. Their weight can vary from 2 to 4 g. This variety attracts gardeners with excellent palatability - the caramel flavor is complemented by notes of pineapple. Thin and delicate skin is almost not felt when consumed.
Ripened berries can be stored on bushes for a long time. Having planted a bush, it should be abundantly watered and mulched with sawdust, straw, mowed grass. This will allow moisture to remain in the hole. Plant care implies timely watering, especially if the summer is hot, loosening the soil, removing weeds.
Gourmet grapes early: grade description, photo
The famous breeder from Novocherkassk V.N. Krainov, crossing the Talisman grape varieties with white berries, beloved by many grapes, and radiant raccoon, which gives pink clusters, received several hybrids, which were later called Gourmets. One of them is Gourmet early.
This is a table grape ripening in the early stages (110 days). Clusters of this variety weigh almost 500 g, while on adult bushes they can reach 1.3 kg. Large, egg-shaped berries are covered with a fairly dense skin. They weigh about 9 grams. Tasters rated the original taste of fleshy pulp with a pronounced aroma of nutmeg at 9.1 points. In the berries there are no more than three seeds of medium size.
Ripened berries contain 15.6% sugar and 4.9 grams of titratable acid in one liter of juice. The cultivation of this variety is recommended in covering form, as it has a low frost resistance - about -23 ° C. It is necessary to normalize the harvest of the “Gourmet early”, otherwise the berries will become small and lose their original taste. In addition, the ripening period may be delayed. After the formation of the ovaries, about 1/3 of them must be removed.
Purple early
This variety was bred from Russia by crossing varieties of Muscat Hamburg and North. The hybrid is frost resistant. Bisexual flowers guarantee good pollination, which determines a stable yield. The early Violet grape, a description of which is often published by gardening publications, is cultivated in Dagestan, Krasnodar Territory, Odessa and Kherson region. Bushes are tall, have intensively developing shoots.
Bunches of conical shape, small in size, weighing no more than 200 g. Dark purple berries, weighing about two grams, ripening after 120 days, are covered with a light waxy coating. Their taste is created by a whole gamut of shades, rose and nutmeg are felt in the aroma. Bushes withstand severe frosts (up to -27 ° C). They develop well in the mountainous and lowland areas.
Codryanka
An ultra-early grape variety whose photo can be seen in almost all gardening guides. From the moment of ripening of the kidneys until the berries fully ripen, about 110 days pass. The plant is vigorous, preferring open space. The bunch is massive, weighing from 600 g to a kilogram, medium density, conical in shape.
Large berries are painted in dark purple color, with one bone, oblong shape. The pulp is moderately sweet, crispy and fleshy under a thin skin. This variety tolerates frosts down to -23 ° C, normally withstands spring return frosts. Resistant to most grape diseases. Needs high pruning for 8-10 kidneys.
Codrianka berries contain a large amount of acetylsalicylic acid, they are used for the production of vinegar.
Laura
A common and very popular ultra-early grape variety. Berries ripen on day 105. Bushes of medium height, and clusters are large, medium or loose density, weighing up to 1.5 kg. Sometimes brushes reach huge sizes - up to two and a half kilograms.
The berries, cream-yellow in color, are large, rounded, but slightly elongated. They are covered with a thin and delicate skin. The pulp is very juicy and sweet, quite dense with a musky finish. The variety is resistant to frost up to –23 ° C and fungal diseases.
Bushes need medium or short pruning for 5-8 buds. Strong-growing shoots must be left in order to avoid thinning of the vine and obtaining a high-quality and plentiful crop.
Ultra-early grape varieties for Siberia
The development of northern viticulture was made possible thanks to the work of breeders who managed to develop hybrids of ultra-early and early varieties that withstand heavy rains in summer and severe frosts in winter. These varieties are resistant to spring frosts, severe winters and fungal diseases.
Such species must be planted in the warmest parts of the garden, which are protected from wind and excess moisture. Bushes should be broken off and pinched. Watering is carried out once every seven days. In autumn, the vine is pruned and fed with potassium-phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers. The first two years for the winter they plant a seedling. It is necessary to gradually accustom him to severe frosts, leaving and adding one sleeve each year.
Tukai
This is a very early variety bred by Siberian breeders, famous for its high yields. Its bushes grow quite widely. On one vine, many clusters ripen. The ripened berries are stored on the bush for a long time, and this does not affect the taste.
The clusters are large, reaching a weight of one kilogram. Amber berries with a light green tint are small, sweet in taste with a delicate muscat aroma. Ripen in 100 days. Their dense skin covers them, so the variety tolerates transportation well. When overloading the bushes, the size of the clusters may decrease. To prevent this, inflorescences are normalized, removing unnecessary ones.
The variety tolerates rather severe frosts without loss (up to -25 ° C). However, the variety does not have reliable pest protection.
Rusoven
The berries of this early variety ripen in 115 days. They are used as a table for making wines. The yield of the variety is medium, but the portability is low. Bunches can vary in weight from 500 grams to kilograms.
The berries are quite large, weighing almost 6 grams, with a special nutmeg aroma, painted green. With abundant watering or rainy weather, they may crack. The sweetness of berries can attract wasps. To protect the bushes, you need to purchase special nets.
Bushes tolerate frosts (up to -27 ° C). The variety is resistant to many diseases.
Muromets
Berries ripen in 110 days. The variety is used as a table type, as well as for the preparation of raisins. The bush is characterized by strong growth, yields high yields. The weight of a bunch rarely exceeds 400 grams. Large blue berries are covered with a thin waxy coating. Fleshy grapes with few seeds. The smell is absent.
Riddle of Sharov
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The bush requires strong and frequent pruning, but he does not need shelter. Two days before flowering, pinch the top of the bushes. Bushes are planted in a well-lit place. The main advantage over other varieties is the very high winter hardiness of Amursky black, resistance to many diseases. It withstands frosts up to 36 ° C. It develops poorly in regions with moderately wet winters.