Everyone who read "The Idiot " knows who Nastasya Filippovna Barashkova is. This is the heroine, around whom the main plot nodes are tied. The monologue of Nastasya Filippovna can be considered the culmination of the novel by Dostoevsky. In the words that she addresses either to herself or to Prince Myshkin, there is incredible despair, disbelief in the happy outcome of her own life. What is the tragedy of Nastasya Filippovna? Does this character have prototypes?
Prince Myshkin
Once in the carriage of a train heading from Switzerland to Russia, Parfyon Rogozhin meets a young man, quite strange, but provoking unlimited sympathy and trust, with Prince Myshkin. A distant relative of Generalsha Yepanchina is very ill , spent many years abroad, but the treatment did not completely relieve him of the disease. It is from Rogozhin that Myshkin hears for the first time about a woman named Nastasya Filippovna.
The most famous hero of Dostoevsky is free from the passions that destroy the human soul. He is like a child . His view of those around is uncomplicated. And therefore he is called an idiot. He is the only one who sees in Nastasya Filippovna not a fatal fatal beauty, but only an unhappy woman - a woman deprived of love and understanding. He pities her , perhaps he truly loves her . However, the intrigues that are generated by the millionth inheritance, which has fallen like snow on his head, are not able to endure.
The author endowed Prince Myshkin with autobiographical features. The hero suffers from epilepsy, just like his creator. And it was Myshkin who told the readers about the psychological state of a person before the death penalty - about what Dostoevsky knew from his own experience. Let us return to the image of Nastasya Filippovna. What role did the history of the “ fallen woman ” play in the fate of the unfortunate prince Myshkin?
Characteristic
Nastasya Filippovna - the heroine is quite controversial. The characters in the novel characterize it differently. What kind of woman does Myshkin see? For the first time glancing at her portrait, he was amazed . However, he was struck not by beauty, but rather by the terrible combination of pride and contempt that can be read in her gaze. A pale face, slightly sunken cheeks , a strange fire in his eyes - all this is seen by the prince in the portrait of a 25-year-old woman. At this moment, he seems to be guessing the past and future fate of Nastasya Filippovna. Then, becoming a millionaire, he tries to save her . But in vain. This woman has contempt not only for others, but also for herself.
Childhood Nastasya Filippovna
Dostoevsky created this female image under the weight of his own love experiences. But we will talk about who served as the prototype for Nastasya Filippovna later. First of all, it is worth setting out a biography of this extraordinary woman.
Nastasya Filippovna was born into the family of a nobleman, a retired officer. When the girl was seven years old, her mother died. Father after the death of his wife went crazy, and soon died in a fever. Nastasya was left alone in this world. The neighboring landowner Afanasy Totsky took an active part in her fate. An orphan grew up in the house of his steward.
The girl has grown up. Totsky saw in her a future beauty. He hired tutors who taught Nastasia the French language, music and rules of conduct in secular society. When she was 16 years old, he made her his containment.
Ganya Ivolgin
Only the prince Myshkin could see the suffering, vulnerable soul in Nastasya Filippovna. For others, it was a bargain. Upon learning that Totsky is going to marry one of the daughters of General Yepanchin , Nastasya arrives in St. Petersburg. And now the landowner sees: before him is not a touching, defenseless creature that he destroyed, but a woman who is ready to take revenge. She has a terrible, infernal charm that attracts new fans. Among them is Ganya Ivolgin .
This young nobleman is rich, has a decent appearance, is well-educated. He is not stupid, but at the same time he has neither talent nor ability, he does not have any ideas of his own. Ganya Ivolgin " decisively like everyone else. " He serves as secretary to General Yepanchin , and it is in his first chapter that Prince Myshkin sees a portrait of Nastasya Filippovna, which amazes him so much.
Parfyon Rogozhin
After the first meeting with Nastasya Barashkova, the son of a wealthy merchant was seized with a fatal passion. He gives her ten thousand diamond pendants. A meeting with this woman knocks Rogozhin out of the usual rut. He performs a series of crazy actions - all in order to conquer Nastasya Filippovna. When Parfen becomes the heir to his millionth fortune, like Totsky, he tries to buy it . However, he is not stupid and understands that a response feeling will never wait . Nastasya Filippovna has not treasured herself for a long time. Communication with Rogozhin for her is a form of suicide.
Love triangle
In one scene, Prince Myshkin makes an offer to Nastasya Filippovna. She refuses him and delivers a long speech full of bitterness and suffering. Once, being a containment woman of Totsky, she dreamed of someone like Myshkin - kind, honest, " stupid. " But then society imposed on her a pattern that had to be followed.
Nastasya Filippovna understands how terribly the fate of Myshkin can affect marriage to a " fallen woman. " Therefore, he marries Parfen Rogozhin, who respects the prince, but invariably sees him as an opponent. Nastasya Filippovna destroys herself and those who love her . Rogozhin in a fit of jealousy kills her , then goes crazy. No less sad is the fate of Prince Myshkin.
The image of the heroine in other works
The characteristic features of Nastasya Filippovna can be seen in other characters of Dostoevsky. For example, in Agrafen Svetlova from “The Brothers Karamazov ” , Polina from “The Player ” . The heroine of the novel " Idiot " has become one of the brightest literary images. The story of a young woman with a broken fate is also found in the works of later prose writers. Pasternak’s novel " Doctor Zhivago " shows the fate of a girl from a poor family, the mistress of a wealthy and cynical lawyer. We are talking about Larisa, who became a victim of the villain-Komarovsky. We do not know whether Pasternak was, creating this female image, under the influence of the novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky. But the heroines of these two Russian writers, no doubt, have common features.
In 2016, Natalia Mironova’s book Nastasya Filippovna’s Syndrome was published. There is no such term in psychiatry. The writer herself created it. The heroine Mironova became a victim of violence, after which for several years she experienced serious psychological problems. They expressed themselves in illogical hatred towards the representatives of the stronger sex, the desire to be desirable, but inaccessible and inaccessible.
Apollinaria Suslov
That was the name of the woman whom Dostoevsky had loved for many years. Apollinaria was born in the family of a wealthy merchant, received a good education. Her older sister, Nadezhda, became the first Russian female doctor. And this suggests that Suslov's daughters were brought up in a rather favorable environment.
Apollinaria was 20 years younger than Dostoevsky. An affair began between them. Pauline (that is what her friends and relatives called her) demanded that the writer divorce his wife. In addition, she wrote novels and short stories that did not have literary value, and demanded assistance in publishing. One of her works once nevertheless appeared on the pages of the journal Dostoevsky. After the death of his wife, the writer made Pauline an offer. However, the girl refused him. Their relationship was always painful, nervous, unclear.
Many literary scholars studying the life and career of Fyodor Dostoevsky believe that Apollinaria Suslova is the prototype of Nastasya Filippovna.
Actresses who played the famous heroine
Dostoevsky’s novel is filmed many times. In 1910, the picture was released by Peter Chardynin . Nastasya Filippovna was played by Lyubov Varyagina . In 1958, Ivan Pyryev made a film, which is recognized as one of the best adaptations of Dostoevsky's novel . The main female role was played by Julia Borisova. In 2003, a television serial film by Vladimir Bortko was released . This time, Nastasya Filippovna was played by Lidia Velezheva .
At the time, in the image of the famous heroine, such actresses as Asta Nielsen , Edvizh Foyer , Lyudmila Maksakova, Zhanna Balibar appeared on the screen. True, more than once foreign filmmakers gave the famous character a different name.