For high-quality insulation of the house, various technologies and materials are used. Thanks to thermal insulation, you can save money and keep a stable temperature in the house. Types of facade insulation for plaster are selected in accordance with the requirements and technical characteristics.
What to insulate?
Thanks to the use of modern technologies, it is possible to increase the heat transfer resistance of the walls several times, while maintaining the normal temperature in the house. First of all, you need to pay attention to the attic, window openings, doors through which heat also comes out, and use additional facade heaters under the plaster to protect these places.
Before choosing a material, it is necessary to take into account its heat transfer properties and technical characteristics. Although there are many materials for thermal insulation in the markets, there are two main options: foamed and standard fibrous. The latter was popular several decades ago, was used to protect the attic from the penetration of cold air.
Materials
Foamed facade insulation for plaster is quite light due to the large number of pores that are filled with air. This helps protect the surface from the penetration of a cold stream, while at the same time preventing the release of heat from the wall surface. Due to its low density, air is considered a poor heat conductor and, therefore, a very good insulation.
Therefore, the technology is popular and used in different countries to create insulation. As for the fibrous material, it consists of fibers of organic or mineral origin. A striking representative of this group is mineral wool, which is used not only to warm the facade, but also for the attic.
It can be purchased in the form of ecowool, thick woolen mats and materials that contain plant elements. If we talk about the thermal conductivity parameters, then these types of facade insulation for plaster have good technical indicators, but at the same time, the masters distinguish many differences.
As for the price, fibrous heaters are a little more expensive due to the natural components in the composition, while foamed ones will be cheaper and more affordable.
Warming options
Not only the speed of work, but also the effectiveness and efficiency depends on the choice of the method of insulation. To strengthen the external walls, the craftsmen advise using the wet facade method or bonded thermal insulation. It is suitable for both single-story and multi-story buildings, it is very effective in cold weather, as it protects against freezing.
The ventilated façade is appreciated for its porous surface and the ability to breathe. Warm plaster is considered a modern technology that has come into vogue in the last few years. The effectiveness and durability, as well as the degree of protection from the cold, depend on the choice of the method of fastening the insulation on the facade of the house under the plaster.
Wet Facade Technology
The point is the combined fastening of the insulated elements to the surface. A mechanical and standard adhesive method can be used. A thin layer of plaster is applied on top of the plate, which is reinforced with a plastic or fiberglass mesh, which not only strengthens the facade, but also helps protect against temperature extremes.
Wet facade technology can be performed using both foam elements and glass wool. Masters for facade insulation recommend the use of foamed elements, since they are quite light, dense and protect the walls well from the cold. Also, the material has good vapor permeability and water resistance, which well affects the durability of the coating.
The low price of the material is taken into account, when compared with mineral wool, this is one of the best insulation materials for a facade for plaster. If you use cotton wool in this way, the steam and heat that will escape from the walls will not be able to penetrate the dense layer of fibers and will linger there, over time fungus and mold will form, destroying the insulation system from the inside.
Therefore, here the masters additionally use special vapor barriers that are installed between the wall surface and the insulation. This helps to increase the durability of the material and increase the effectiveness of protection against cold. The only advantage that wool has in comparison with foamed insulation is its incombustibility.
Ventilated Facade Technology
This type differs from the others in the presence of a ventilation gap between the wall surface and the insulation. The width of the gap varies from 20 to 25 mm. There are also special openings above and below, through which air can enter and exit.
Thanks to the natural ventilation of the insulation, the surface remains dry and does not deteriorate. For mounting mineral wool, plate-shaped dowels are used. To protect against heat loss and the negative impact of the environment, the surface of the mineral wool fibrous boards is covered with a windproof layer.
If we talk about price indicators, then this technology is considered one of the most expensive, but at the same time, the coating has high quality and durability. As for the density of the insulation for the facade under the plaster, the mineral wool has the highest rates among other options.
Warm plaster technology
It is based on a mixture of mineral and porous granules with a low density. It may be foam. The thermal conductivity, the level of vapor permeability and the water absorption parameters of the granules determine the high properties of warm plasters.
The advantage of warm plaster is that with a single layer you can create insulation and finishing surface. Thermal insulation indicators are low due to the thin coating layer, and according to the masters, it is impossible to create a circuit using only 1 plaster, therefore additional materials are used.
This type is suitable for walls made of aerated concrete, ceramic blocks, materials, which themselves have low thermal conductivity, in the structure of which there is compressed air and it does not allow cold streams to penetrate from the outside into the room. Thanks to the warm plaster, moisture condensation in the structure is eliminated.
If you compare which insulation material for a facade for stucco is better, then you need to look at the technical characteristics of the main surface. Based on this, choose a material for protection against low temperatures.
Step-by-step instruction
To warm the walls in this way, decorative plaster for the facade, a primer for the treated surface, and a stucco mixture are required. As for the tools, a mortar tank and a special plaster grater will come in handy to level the surface. A spatula and reinforcing mesh are also used. You may need a trowel, sandpaper, a special level for leveling the surface and a drill with a mixer for whipping the main mixes.
To begin with, the walls are leveled, the quality of the insulation layer and the density of its fit to the surface depend on this indicator.
Since the foam is mounted on separate plates, the surface should be perfectly flat. For fixing the foam, base planks and beacons are used. Glue is applied to the sheet, after which the foam is installed on the profile and is pressed against the lighthouse as much as possible.
To align the rows, you can tap the sheets with the rule, but do not do it too much so that there are no dents on the surface. The gaps between the sheets should be minimal and the same. The second row is set to 1 and so on until the end. Be sure to check the level of the plates. After the glue has dried, special dowels are installed using a puncher, then the solution is mixed to create plaster.
Next, the plaster mesh is mounted, glued and primed. After drying, the surface is wiped, then a final layer of plaster is applied. When preparing the plaster, it is necessary to monitor its consistency, it should be dense, but without lumps and with a uniform texture.
Application of decorative plaster
The process is carried out in stages, it is necessary to allow each layer to dry well. It is advisable to finish the surface in dry weather, when there is no precipitation and there is no increased humidity in the air. Each layer of plaster is applied after the previous one has completely dried.
When using basalt insulation for a facade for stucco, one must remember the importance of leveling during application. Without this, the plaster will go unevenly. When the mixture is applied, the grouting step begins. Thanks to this, the surface is corrected, bumps are removed, imperfections are smoothed out.
Mineral wool insulation
To begin with, the work surface is cleaned and smoothed. The remains of the old coating and metal parts are necessarily eliminated, since under the insulation layer they will begin to rust and thereby spoil the surface. Also, a layer of old plaster is necessarily removed.
Cords designate the boundaries along which insulation will take place. They are installed around the perimeter of the building. The gap between the insulation and the surface must be at least 1 centimeter in order to fix the layers of mineral wool, special profiles are used.
A good alternative to standard mineral wool will be insulation for plastering the facade of Technonikol, which has good thermal insulation properties. Next, glue is prepared, with which the seams will be closed and the wool itself will be processed. It should not be too much so that the fibers do not absorb the residue.
After application, the mineral wool is covered with a reinforced mesh to maintain the shape of the layer. Next, an adhesive base is applied over the mesh, the surface is wiped.
In the search process, what is the best insulation for a facade for plaster, pay attention not only to price performance and durability, but also to technical specifications. Before warming the house, you must consult with the masters to choose the best solution and the right technology.