Globe - it would seem that could be easier? For natural reasons, the matter, which served as the building material for our planet, gathered in one lump and gradually formed the correct sphere, and irregularities arose later as a result of tectonic processes. But in the very name of the form of our planet lies a mistake. Even if you tear off all the hills and fall asleep all the lowlands, the Earth will not be a ball. Geographers and astronomers figured out what to call a flattened ball at the poles - a geoid. Translated from Greek, it means "similar to the earth." That is, the Earth has a shape similar to the Earth. Such is the oil.
The compression at the poles has not only the globe, but also any astronomical body of sufficient mass, rotating around its axis. However, “geoid” is a specific, professional term. In everyday life, mass media and popular literature, another name is usually used - the globe. Given that our planet is flattened at the poles, the circumference of the globe drawn through the poles and at the equator will be different. The circumference drawn through the poles will be more than forty thousand seven kilometers, and the circumference along the equator - forty thousand seventy-five kilometers. On a global scale, a difference of sixty-eight kilometers is not significant, but for some calculations it matters. Have you ever wondered why most cosmodromes are located in the southern latitudes? That's exactly why they are.
The globe is heterogeneous. A mantle is hidden under a relatively thin bark - a thick viscous layer that extends to a depth of almost three thousand kilometers. Below is the core, consisting of two parts: the upper - liquid and the inner - solid. Temperatures in the center of the earth reach six thousand degrees Celsius. About this temperature reigns on the surface of the sun.
The surface of the Earth is extremely heterogeneous. Not only do two-thirds occupy the oceans. So also the remaining land is far from everywhere suitable for normal living. Although mankind has adapted to live even in the adverse conditions of the Far North and African deserts, the peoples living there could not create a single great civilization. For one simple reason: all their forces went into the struggle with the harsh nature and maintaining a minimum standard of living. Where is it possible to think about expansion or the creation of material, cultural or scientific values!
The population of the globe is distributed very unevenly on the surface of the planet. Even in ancient times, most people lived in tropical, subtropical regions and in the southern part of the
temperate zone. It is the peoples living there who were able to create civilizations, which we admire and study, which we do not stop to this day. Some of the achievements of the ancients were still not understood by us, although their technical capabilities cannot be compared with ours.
According to the “Gaia hypothesis”, the globe is one superorganism, and everything that exists on its surface and in its bowels is a system of metabolism, respiration and thermoregulation. The birth and death of civilizations, earthquakes, floods and typhoons are part of one process called the Earth’s Life. Is this true, or have scientists, as has already happened, been smart enough? Wait and see…