There has been a lot of evidence of the use of natural stone in construction since ancient times. This material has a number of unique advantages. Its main disadvantage is the high cost and complexity of processing. Brick came to replace the stone, but it is laid manually, which is long and expensive. Accelerated construction contributed to concrete and reinforced concrete structures. SNiP regulates their use at the facilities.
There are different ways of making and using these bulky items. Famous Khrushchevs are the clearest example of the application of panel construction technology. With all its shortcomings, this ensured high rates of construction of facilities. Improving the technology has allowed to modernize the technology, and in parallel changed the governing documents.
Normative base
The development of new building standards was carried out by the relevant institute and the corresponding ministry. SNiP 2030184 "Concrete and reinforced concrete structures" has as its goal to unify the design methods of the mentioned elements, as well as the technology of their production and use. The document sets out the requirements for structures, the production of which uses medium-density silicate concrete in density.
According to this document, environmental conditions are determined in which the use of load-bearing or enclosing structures made of reinforced concrete is permissible. The temperature range is very wide and is set in the range from -70 ° C to +50 ° C, which corresponds to almost any climatic zone. SNiP allows the use of concrete and reinforced concrete structures at a relative humidity of 75%.
Production methods
Modern technologies provide for the manufacture of products both in the conditions of specialized production enterprises (ZHBK), and directly on the site. This method is called monolithic construction. With a combined technique, finished products, concrete and reinforced concrete structures are combined. SNiP clearly regulates all methods of combining elements with each other.
The excellent operational characteristics of monolithic structures have increased interest in them from customers and construction companies. Recently, this technology has been improved: the molding of the external walls is carried out in a fixed formwork. It is made from extruded polystyrene foam of high density. At the end of construction, it plays the role of a heat insulating layer.
Engineering staff training
The quality of reinforced concrete products depends primarily on the source components and the precise execution of the process. The manual to SNiP "Concrete and reinforced concrete structures" is a guide to the action of engineers and technical personnel. Strict adherence to the spirit and letter of the normative documentation is a guarantee of conditionality of products.
In our country, growth trends are clearly visible in the construction of a wide variety of facilities. Concrete and reinforced concrete structures are widely used in them. SNiP admits this state of affairs provided that high-quality raw materials are used and the process is followed exactly.