Prefabricated structures made of sandwich panels are buildings that assemble very quickly, but at the same time they are reliable, multifunctional and economical. It is no coincidence that such designs are very popular in arranging various garages, hangars or warehouses that are built for a certain period.
What are the features?
The fast-built designs from a sandwich panels have several advantages:
- Low cost.
- Strength and reliability of power structures.
- The effectiveness of insulation (for this, polyurethane foam is most often used).
- The speed of assembly.
- Lightweight structures compared to reinforced concrete products.
- Aesthetics and modern appearance.
- The volume of the workspace.
Structures from sandwich panels are delivered to the object ready-made, where they are assembled. Each element is assigned a specific number, so the entire installation process is carried out in accordance with the wiring diagram. High-strength bolted joints without welding are used to connect the components.
What is being built?
Based on prefabricated structures using sandwich panels, it is possible to carry out the construction of:
- administrative and office buildings;
- production shops, buildings, factories and factories;
- logistics and warehouse complexes;
- sports facilities;
- agricultural buildings;
- shopping and entertainment complexes;
- catering enterprises, laboratories, hospitals;
- garages and car washes.
Any prefabricated sandwich panel structures consist of a number of elements, each of which plays a large role. This is the foundation, the metal frame, walling and architectural units. Let's consider each element in more detail.
Foundation: the foundation of the foundations
The foundation of any building must be reliable and thoughtful. It is he who accounts for the load of the building. When using prefabricated structures, you can choose a monolithic, pile or slab foundation. The choice must be made based on what the engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions of the construction site are, the design features of the building, the amount of load that will be on the foundation.
Most often, prefabricated structures made of sandwich panels are built on the basis of a light foundation, especially if the building will serve a limited time. For example, when constructing single-story buildings, it is enough to simply level the territory on which the construction will be carried out. If the structure will serve from 10 years or longer, then reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of 200 mm can be used. And the most economical foundation is tape.
Metal frame
The second stage of installation of prefabricated structures is the installation of a metal frame, which is the skeleton of the building. It is he who guarantees the reliability and rigidity of the structure. Enclosing structures of walls, roofing systems, windows, doors, beams and various auxiliary components will be installed on the metal frame. A steel frame is created, and the connection of the elements is carried out using high-quality steel bolts. Modern easily erected structures from sandwich panels are made on the basis of the following types of base: frame, arch or container.
Walling
Cladding materials are used as enclosing structures, with which walls and roofing systems, window and door openings are trimmed. The fastening of these materials is carried out on the metal frame of the building. Due to the possibility of decoration, houses made of sandwich panels (they can also be assembled quickly and efficiently with their own hands) look aesthetically pleasing and attractive. And the choice of materials depends on what requirements are presented to the building.
Materials for walls and roofs
Walls and roofing systems of prefabricated buildings can be constructed of the following materials:
- profiled sheet (galvanized or painted);
- three-layer sandwich panels, supplemented with insulation material (mineral wool, polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam);
- a sandwich profile, which is collected by individual elements;
- brick, foam blocks, which are used independently or in combination with ventilated facades.
The choice of materials for the roof needs to be paid close attention, since it will be the main load that will fall on it. Proper sealing of roofing elements, insulation, the organization of drains - all this will protect the structure from moisture, frost.
How to assemble a sink
Today in the construction of widely used prefabricated structures of sandwich panels. A car wash or garage based on such systems are built quickly and meet all modern standards and requirements. These autonomous buildings are being erected without a foundation, while the first such construction appeared in the late 90s. There are several types of such structures: prefabricated-block, frame-tent and pneumoframe.
The main document on the basis of which prefabricated structures from sandwich panels are being built is the project. It displays information about how the building will be, how many materials will be required for its construction, what load will be on the foundation and other important calculations.
Prefabricated car wash
This design consists of a prefabricated or welded metal frame, as well as cladding materials, which are sandwich panels. A feature of this composite material is the presence of a double-sided cladding and a filler made of insulation material. Such a car wash is built in several stages:
- A framework is created, the supports of which are partially buried in the ground or attached to the surface with anchor bolts. Vertical beams are pulled together transverse, after which the formation of the frame of the walls, internal partitions.
- Sheathing is in progress. The panels are fastened with bolted connections.
- Gates, windows, doors are installed. It is best to use lightweight structures, for example, based on plastic or aluminum frames. The gates are placed sectional or sliding.
- Indoor facilities are being prepared. Finishing should be carried out using moisture resistant materials that can withstand moisture.
- Water and electricity supply systems, sewage systems are installed, equipment is connected.
Frame and awning car wash
A feature of such systems is the ability to assemble and disassemble. Therefore, even prefabricated structures of sandwich panels b. at. will be quite usable. For the construction of a tent-car wash, a carcass of metal beams, fiberglass guides, on which the tent fabric will be mounted, will be required. The peculiarity of the fabric is that it is made of PVC and insulated with plates of extruded polystyrene. The assembly is carried out in 4 stages:
- Going frame. Walls are placed on level ground. First, the installation of spatially stable sections is carried out, then the internal partitions are installed.
- The canvas is installed. Fiberglass elements are bolted to the beams, and the canvas is already stretched to the bottom. The guides are made of flexible and bend-resistant materials, so the structures are durable and able to withstand heavy loads.
- Insulation is in progress. Extruded polystyrene is most commonly used.
- Internal rooms are being prepared: decoration is being done, networks are being laid, sanitary systems are being installed, equipment is being connected.
Pneumatic car wash
These prefabricated structures made of sandwich panels (the photos presented in the review confirm the simplicity of the construction process) are built on the basis of a lightweight frame based on metal arcs. Between them are inflated arched cylinders. They are created from PVC, resistant to the occurrence of air, and to protect against rainfall, they are additionally covered with a special PVC fabric. Such a car wash is also being built in several stages:
- The frame is being prepared: metal arcs connected from below are installed on a level surface. Cylinders are placed between adjacent elements, after which the structure is covered with a canvas, and its edges are attached with slings and eyelets to the frame.
- Inflated cylinders. For this, industrial pumps are used. The structure is closed from above with an insulated PVC-based fabric, after which sectional doors are hung.
- The resulting equipment is being equipped.
What are good prefabricated car washes?
Firstly, such structures can be transported from place to place, if necessary. Since they are built without a foundation, the process of dismantling and re-installing them is simple and easy. Secondly, this procedure is fast. As a rule, a maximum of 3-4 days elapses from construction to commissioning. In another day, equipment is being adjusted. Thirdly, the construction of prefabricated buildings is inexpensive: savings are provided by the lack of foundation and the need for rental equipment, invitation of specialists. Fourth, garages, car washes, warehouses and other premises can be made in a wide range of sizes.
Prefabricated sandwich panel structures: costing
To calculate how much it will cost to build a prefabricated garage, car wash, agricultural room or hangar, you need to consider several factors:
- The length of the building.
- The width of the span.
- Height.
- The thickness of the walls, roofs.
- Glazing area.
- The area of the openings.
Despite the fact that such buildings are being built quickly and easily, a project cannot be dispensed with. Designing begins with the formation of a technical task. Then, the initial calculations of the frame are carried out, to which graphic elements, architectural development are attached. The last stage is field supervision. Elements of the future building are being developed in the architectural part, such as design, dimensions and shapes of the facade, general view of the structure, structural elements and features.
If a logistics complex is being built, then a logistics scheme is being worked out. It is needed to optimize the movement of cargo flow inside the warehouse, and the dimensions of the building, the location of the gates will be calculated by the number and type of goods, the location of cargo corridors. In addition to the standard project, companies offer individual development, which will take into account the wishes of a particular customer for the type of building.