The number of barbarism words (borrowed from other peoples) in the Russian language is constantly increasing. Let's talk today about what preference is.
Origin of the word
The word "preference", in the English preference, began to be widely used from the end of the 19th century, the heyday of the colonial policy of the largest metropolitan countries. The basis of these borrowings is the Latin praefero (to prefer). Therefore, preference is preference.
Well, that sounds beautiful. Just not always appropriate. Therefore, in a particular field of activity, the concept under consideration has its own semantic connotations. The word under investigation is most often used in international trade, financial and customs relations. Like almost all borrowed words, “preference” has many “twins”. Favoredness, privilege, privilege, priority, succession and immunity are all synonyms, or words that have a similar lexical meaning.
Scope of the term
With so many interpretations, the magnitude of the use of the word is not at all surprising. It is widely used in political, economic, legal, social, financial, but especially in customs terminology. There are preferential stocks, debts, tariffs, regimes, duties, differences. There are preferential voting, licensing and preferential trade agreements. That is, preference is an accent, it emphasizes the priority of something, or the great importance of something. Thus, debts classified as preferential debts need immediate repayment. That is, this adjective emphasizes the priority of the next noun.
The first practical applications of preferences
Most often, preference is considered as a necessary component of the customs tariff policy. Before World War I, this policy was applied by the metropolitan countries in relation to their colonies in order to rob the latter. To prevent third countries from entering the domestic market, which could allow satellite powers or colonies to sell their raw materials and goods at better prices. In other words, preference is not only privileges and preferences, but also a restraining bridle, providing dictates from the major world powers. At that time it was England, France, Germany and Belgium, countries with a large number of colonies.
Nowadays, with the existence of a large number of economic communities, it is simply impossible to imagine the movement of goods without a system of privileges or customs discounts. All these actions to create favorable conditions for the further development of states are called "the provision of preferences." The customs union, created in 2010 between Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, very well demonstrates the benefits of applying preferential duties and tariffs.
International benefits and preferences
At the international level, one can note the Universal System of Preferences, created in 1971 with the aim of creating favorable conditions for goods produced in developing countries and sold in economically developed countries. Which, ultimately, should contribute to the development of production and the growth of the economies of the countries that are being assisted. This is ideal. So, preferential conditions were created for Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, countries that have withdrawn from the Warsaw Pact. And then economic preferences begin to take on a political connotation. At the international level, this happens very often. Therefore, sometimes preference is a system of benefits issued on strict conditions and the provision of which is strictly agreed. It is possible to apply the most favored nation treatment to more loyal countries , and also the least. The gap between these rates is called the preferential difference.
But the term "preference", as already noted, will be applied in many industries, including construction. Who can argue that the construction of Olympic facilities was not preferential in all respects? Or the rearmament of the army, or the development of the Far East, or the improvement of the education system? ..
The structural component of preferential policy
Preferential policy may be state, regional, municipal. But it is always targeted. As an example, consider the preferences in 2013: the Ministry of Energy Development proposed to establish a 15% discount for manufacturers of pharmacological products. In the same year, two ministries - the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Education - proposed the program "Preferences for young mothers." Women under 23 years of age who have one or more children were given the opportunity (and the conditions for study or retraining in special courses were created). The state’s demographic program is at stake. Women should be given confidence in adapting to new conditions in which they will plunge after leaving maternity leave. The average age of women who decided to give birth to their first child moved up to 25 years. And this suggests that the fairer sex rely only on their strength. Experts say that you need to take into account all the subtleties of the issue, and in addition to the maternal capital and other payments that the state provides, it is necessary to create all the conditions for women to believe in their security.
The meaning and purpose of the General system of tariff preferences
Of the international preferences in 2013, preferential regimes still existed for Russian goods imported into the countries of the European Union. In 2014, this preference will be canceled. On the territory of the European Union, created in 1993, the General System of Tariff Preferences (CAP) is in place, developed in 1964 and approved at the 2nd United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in 1968. This system involves the mandatory provision by all industrialized countries of tariff preferences to developing countries in the form of a unilateral concession. Throughout all these years, the main postulates of the OSB have not changed significantly. Only countries that were granted preferences or beneficiary countries were constantly changing, the scope of benefits provided also changed, and the regime was simplified. The developing countries themselves underwent differentiation in order to identify the most underdeveloped countries. Environmental threats are also taken into account.