By building an extension, you can significantly expand the useful area of the house. Such structures are being constructed from different materials. This can be, for example, brick, foam blocks, timber, board. Of course, the design of such structures is also different. Below in this article in detail we will consider how to make an extension to the house and complete its design.
What to build
The simplest type of extension is, of course, frame-panel. This design can be attached to the house in just a couple of weeks. The construction of an extension from the boards is usually very inexpensive.
A fairly cheap construction can also be built from foam blocks. The construction of brick structures of this type is a procedure in most cases quite expensive. The same applies to an extension of timber or logs.
The material for such a structure is usually selected depending on what the walls of the main building are made of. That is, for a panel house, a frame construction is best suited, for a chopped one - block or log, etc. However, the rule is, of course, not strict. For example, it is possible to attach a frame extension to a block building, and foam concrete to a block building.
Construction of the panel structure: materials
To build such an extension, you will need to purchase:
You will also need insulation material. This can be, for example, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene.
Foundation pouring
So, how to make an extension to the house frame-panel? Of course, first of all, for such a design, a reliable foundation will need to be erected. The extensions of this species weigh very little. Therefore, usually inexpensive columnar foundations are poured under them. The procedure for erecting the base of a shield extension looks like this:
markup is in progress;
dig holes under the pillars;
sand and gravel are poured into the bottom of the pits;
formwork is installed from the roofed material rolled into a pipe;
reinforcing frames assembled from rods are inserted into the formwork;
the columns are poured with concrete mixture.
Pits for the columnar foundation of the extension are dug up at the corners and along the length of the walls in increments of 1.5 m. Their depth should be equal to the depth of the base of the house itself. At the stage of pouring, anchor bolts are embedded in the posts for fastening the bottom trim of the box.
Frame mounting
The assembly of the walls of the switchboard extension begin only after the concrete pillars gain sufficient strength. You usually have to wait for this about a month after pouring. The answer to the question of how to make a frame extension to the house is this technology:
Next, proceed to the lining of the box.
Wall cladding
Before proceeding to the cladding, mount the floor logs and sheathe it with boards. Then the boards are stuffed on the racks from the side of the room. Thereafter:
set in opposition between the pillars of the minvata slab frame;
fit the extension with a waterproofing film;
sheathe it with a board outside.
The construction of cobblestone outbuildings: the foundation
This design, since it has a rather large weight, is usually erected on a tape base. Such a foundation is poured as follows:
they dig a trench for marking;
pour sand and gravel at the bottom of the trench with a layer of about 20 cm;
establish the formwork from the boards;
bind and lower the reinforcing cage into the pit;
pour concrete tape.
Such a foundation is also maintained before the assembly of the box for about a month.
Erection of cobblestone walls
The answer to the question of how to make an extension to the shield house, as you can see, is quite simple. It will be, of course, somewhat more difficult to assemble a block box with your own hands. But even this task can be overcome by a novice builder.
To assemble such an extension, extremely well-dried lumber is taken. Humidity of the purchased timber (cross-section of at least 100x100 mm) should be no more than 12%. Before starting the construction, it is also advisable to dry the lumber additionally, leaving them in a room closed from the sun for several months.
A good answer to the question of how to make an extension to a house from a bar durable and warm are such methods of joining the material in the corners:
in the paw;
in a cup;
with a french castle;
in the tree;
in the root spike, etc.
In order for the extension to subsequently last longer, the log house is additionally strengthened with pins during the assembly process. These fixing crowns are placed in a horizontal plane in a checkerboard pattern with a pitch of about 1.5 m.
Even an extension built from a dry beam over time gives a pretty strong shrinkage. Therefore, installation of the roof of such a structure usually begins only six months after the construction of the box.
Brick and foam block constructions
Next, let's see how to make an extension to the house of stone. Such structures are also erected in most cases on a strip foundation. The foundation is poured during the construction of such structures using the same technology as for the cobblestone extension.
The laying of the walls of structures of this type is carried out in the usual way with dressing of the seams. A brick box is erected using a solution prepared in a sand / cement ratio of 3/1. To increase the plasticity of the mixture, a little slaked lime is added to it. The thickness of the horizontal seams of such a building should be equal to about 1 cm, vertical - 0.8 cm. In order for the brick box to turn out neat, among other things, the joints are seamed.
The answer to the question of how to make an extension to the house of foam blocks is a slightly different technology. When laying such a structure, cement mortar is used only for the first row. All subsequent ones are laid out on special glue. At the same time, every 4 rows the wall is reinforced with a reinforcing bar. The masonry is necessarily leveled using a mooring cord.
Foam blocks - the material is easy to install and warm. But at the same time, unfortunately, he is fragile. In order to prevent such walls from collapsing under the weight of the roof, a reinforcing belt is poured over them around the entire perimeter at the final stage.
Do this approximately as follows:
from the outside of the box, boards are filled for the manufacture of formwork;
polystyrene foam strips are installed on the inside;
install the reinforcing cage into the resulting formwork;
pour concrete mixture.
As soon as the solution hardens, the boards on the outside of the box are removed. Expanded polystyrene is left in place.
Both panel and block structures are an excellent answer to the question of how to make an extension to a wooden house. Brick buildings next to such residential buildings, of course, are erected very rarely. But the foam-block extensions to wooden houses are often still attached. Such structures weigh about the same amount as cobblestones, and being finished, for example, with a block house, they look quite harmonious in a complex with a wooden building.
How to make an extension to the house with your own hands: rules for joining
A rigidly erected veranda should not be attached to the walls of the main building. The same goes for foundations. Even brick and foam block new constructions, not to mention cobblestone ones, shrink over time. With a hard mount, this can lead to the destruction of the walls of both the building itself and the extension.
The gap between the enclosing structures of the veranda and the house is closed using mounting foam (for bricks and foam blocks) or tarred boards (for frame-panel extensions).
An extension to the house: how to make a roof
The roof of the outbuildings is in most cases collected by a shed. Mount it in such a way that its upper edge comes under the eaves of the roof of the house. This avoids leaks in the future.
The roof of the extensions is usually mounted as follows:
fill the floor beams in the box;
sheathe them from below with ceiling boards;
stacked on boards from above between the beams of a mineral wool slab;
on the wall of the house, under the eaves, they fill a beam along the width of the extension;
Mauerlat is laid on brick and block walls;
rafters are mounted;
sheathe the rafters with a waterproofing agent with a slight sag;
assemble roofing material.
The rafters of the cobblestone outbuildings are attached to the Mauerlat using special elements - the "slide". This avoids their deformation during shrinkage of the box. The roof of the extension is usually sheathed with the same roofing material that was used in the construction of the main building.
Varieties of structures
How to make an annex to a wooden house, brick or block, thus, it is clear. But how can such a structure be decorated on a suburban area?
Two types of extensions are usually attached to private houses:
The last version of the buildings is called verandas and is used in the house usually only as an additional room or, for example, summer kitchen.
Deaf outbuildings are already capital structures in which permanent kitchens, living rooms, offices, garages, etc. can be equipped.
Veranda decoration
The answer to the question of how to make an extension-veranda to the house is simple. In this case, instead of the blank walls of the structure, a not too high parapet is erected. At the same time, the upper part of the box glazes or simply remains open.
Annexes of this type usually serve as a kind of transitional link between the house and the garden. Therefore, professional designers advise designing them in life-affirming juicy colors. To decorate such a building from the inside, you can use, for example:
Furniture in such an extension can be installed, of course, and inexpensive plastic. But the best thing in a structure of this type will still look wicker chairs, tables and chairs or wooden.
How to make an extension-porch to the house beautiful from the side of the street? Outside, such structures are usually decorated with weaving plants. Around the veranda you can plant, for example, some kind of ivy, hops, girl's or garden grapes. If you wish, on the walls of such an extension from the side of the street in the summer, you can simply hang a cache-pot with ampelous flowers.
How to decorate a deaf extension
Such structures are usually designed in accordance with what design is chosen for other rooms of the house. A small extension in a one-story private building, for example, can be equipped in a country style. In this case, indoors:
the walls are sheathed with a lining, block house or board;
set rough furniture made of natural wood;
use (for example, for curtains and tablecloths) textile in a cage or in a flower.
Walls in such an extension can be decorated with bunches of dried herbs or, for example, red pepper. Pots with ornamental plants will not be superfluous in such a room. It can be either ordinary indoor flowers, or, for example, dwarf tomatoes or indoor hot peppers.
Quite often, such structures are designed and in accordance with the lighter folk style of Provence. In this case, wooden furniture painted in bright colors is installed in the annex. The design elements of such an extension may be:
light false fireplace "antique";
lamps in the form of lanterns or with a cheerful floral design;
porcelain dishes and figurines, etc.
Annexes in two-three-story cottages are often decorated in a classic style. Design elements of such a structure can be:
Also in such an extension it will be useful to equip a small real wood fireplace.