Before the onset of cold weather, many owners of suburban real estate begin to think about how to make the house warmer. This can be achieved in various ways, due to which heat loss is minimized. If it is not possible to use natural gas from the central highway, you can resort to alternative sources of heating. One of these devices is a furnace with a water circuit. You can do it yourself.
Among the main advantages of this design should be highlighted:
- very high performance;
- fuel availability;
- lack of dependence on electricity.
The cost of the heater will be lower than other devices. If you use improvised materials in the manufacture of the furnace, the price can be minimized. Fuel for this design can be very different, namely:
- firewood;
- coal; peat;
- plant waste.
The equipment operates using natural coolant circulation. The device is not tied to electricity, so there is no need for power supply. But one of the main advantages is that you can make such a device yourself. It will cost much cheaper than the factory model.
In addition, the device can be made lighter than equipment manufactured in streaming production. Sometimes this eliminates the need for a more complex foundation. This not only reduces labor intensity, but also costs money. Sometimes the last factor is one of the main for masters who decide whether to visit a store to purchase a heating appliance or to do work on their own. In the latter case, you can use the materials that can be found in any barn.
Manufacturing features: selection of shape and design features
A factory furnace with a water circuit is quite expensive. Options for its manufacture can be considered in more detail to cope with the work on their own. A rather important step is the choice of form. If the potbelly stove will have the shape of a cylinder, then a pipe or a metal barrel may lie at the base. When the product has the shape of a rectangle or square, a 5 mm steel sheet is usually used for its manufacture.
The design should include two zones, the first is the area of the output of combustion products, while the second is the zone of the furnace. If you plan to use private firewood, the diameter of which will be quite impressive for a furnace with a water circuit, in the furnace zone you need to make a hole with a cross section of 40x40 cm or more.
When small pieces of wood or coal act as fuel, the dimensions of the furnace openings are halved. Smoke exhaust can be provided at the rear of the furnace. In this case, the installation process must provide for the angle of the chimney. It should be 30 gr. This is done to ensure good traction. In a different scenario, smoke will not be effectively discharged into the chimney and will penetrate the room.
If necessary, the heat capacity of the stove can be increased by strengthening several ribs on the sides. For this, metal 5 mm plates are used. They are perpendicular to the plane of the wall. This will increase the heating surface of the heater and increase heat transfer. Some clad the structure with bricks, because such a wall is able to retain heat longer. This approach allows for fire safety.
Material selection and tool preparation
Before you make a furnace with a water circuit, you must prepare the pipe. Its diameter should be 300 mm or more. The wall thickness is 5 mm. You can use metal sheets of the same thickness. To remove smoke, use a pipe with a diameter of 120 mm. The wall thickness should be 3 mm. This chimney thickness is explained by the fact that the temperature of the exhaust gases is lower compared to those supported in the combustion chamber. Spending on more powerful designs is not necessary.
To simplify the operation of the furnace, it is necessary to take care of the presence of a drawer for collecting ash. It is installed in the blower. Among the tools should be highlighted:
- welding unit;
- a metal brush;
- hammer;
- grinder;
- pliers;
- overalls.
Assembling a potbelly stove
The furnace with a water circuit is assembled by technology, which involves connecting the bottom with three walls. The front is not installed. The bottom should be at a height of 30 cm, which will reduce the risk of floor heating. The furnace should be equipped with metal legs that are welded to the base. A prerequisite will be the connection of elements at right angles. Parts and joints are performed by a welding machine.
In the partition between the furnace and the blower, several slots are cut to remove ash. 5 cm must be retreated from the walls of the potbelly stove. The blowing opening should be 3 cm less than the blowing space. On the perimeter in the next step, you can weld the front of the structure. It pre-made openings for doors. Canopies are welded to the sides of the holes, on which doors for the blower and the furnace are installed.
Doors are equipped with gate valves or deadbolts. As soon as the welding of the elements of the potbelly stove is completed, it is necessary to check the seams for defects. When making a stove for a house with a water circuit, at the last stage you will need to weld the chimney pipe and the upper part of the structure.
Water circuit
One of the main elements of the heater is a water circuit and a heat exchanger. It is connected to the heating system. Its design can be different, and is made of hollow steel pipes, as well as sheet steel. Its thickness is 5 mm.
The water circuit provides for:
- expansion tank;
- heat exchanger;
- pipes;
- radiator.
The water circuit system is mounted according to an algorithm that involves the installation of radiators. At the next stage, you can begin to connect the pipe. They go to the batteries from the stove. At the inlet and outlet there must be control valves.
Then you can proceed with the installation of the expansion tank. This element is required so that the water does not break through the pipes when heated. Excess hot fluid will flow into the tank, from where the coolant will return to the pipeline when cooling.
Brick kiln construction
A water-fired brick kiln can be made to your size. However, the article considers an example with the following parameters: 1020x1160 mm. The height of the structure is 2380 mm. The dimensions of the heat exchanger are 750x550x350 mm. This part of the device is made of sheet steel and placed in the firebox. The hob will be used exclusively for heating food. The heat transfer of such equipment can be 5.5 kW. This is true if the furnace is carried out 2 times a day. When working in heavy duty, the above parameter reaches 18 kW. This allows you to heat a room with an area of up to 200 m 2 .
Preparation of materials and tools
Before manufacturing a furnace for a cottage with a water circuit, it is necessary to prepare:
- fireclay bricks;
- Red brick;
- furnace door;
- blow door;
- ash pan cleaning door;
- grate;
- cast iron stove;
- oven valve;
- steel strip;
- corner;
- pre-heating sheet.
Excluding the chimney, the amount of red solid brick will be 710 pieces. ShA-8 fireclay refractory bricks are prepared in the amount of 71 pcs. The dimensions of the furnace door should be 210x250 mm.
Work procedure
If you need a wood-burning stove with a water circuit, you can build it out of brick. Before starting work, it is necessary to make a heat exchanger. Walls facing the flame should be composed of 5 mm sheet steel. The outer walls, on which much lower thermal load will be applied, are permissible to make from 3 mm sheets. A 50 mm gap should be left behind for the exit of gases from the firebox.
Using a seamless steel 40-mm pipe, you can produce a heat exchanger outlet. The product is welded at the top point. Another exit is made from the same pipe, which is installed at the lower point of the heat exchanger.
Masonry order
A stove with a water circuit for heating a house can be made of brick. Before starting masonry, it is necessary to build a foundation. The first row will be continuous. It is important to observe horizontal and square. At this stage, 36 red bricks are used.
The formation of the ash chamber begins with the laying of the second row. A door should be installed, the size of which will be 140x250 mm. In this case, 31 whole bricks and one half are involved. The number of bricks in the third row remains the same. When laying the fourth row, a firebox should be formed. In this case, 11 fireclay bricks and 21 red ones are used.
To install the grate in fireclay bricks, it is necessary to make cutouts. At the stage of formation of the fourth row, a lattice is laid in the grooves. To ensure thermal expansion, leave a 5 mm gap.
A heat exchanger is installed at the bottom of the firebox. For thermal expansion of the heat exchanger, when laying the next row, it is necessary to leave a 5 mm gap. Behind it is left space that connects to a horizontal channel. Two doors are installed in the next step. They will have a square shape and a side of 140 mm.
In the fifth row, 3 fireclay bricks and 14 red ones will be involved. When constructing a furnace with a water circuit for heating a house, a horizontal channel is formed in the sixth row. It should be separated, and the hole left in the previous row will increase traction. At this stage, the door is mounted. Use 15 red bricks and one half. One more chamotte product is involved.
Using the scheme, you should form the seventh row. In this case, 15 red and 2 fireclay bricks will be used. You can close the furnace door when laying the eighth row. For this, a strip is used, the dimensions of which are 50x5x400 mm. In this row there will be 6 fireclay and 11 red bricks.
In the ninth row, you can release the boiler feed pipe. In the tenth row, the products are released inside, so the space will be narrowed. The cast iron plate should be installed in the eleventh row. In the area of the opening in the cooking chamber should be installed corner. You can start to form the cooking chamber in the twelfth row. The cast iron hob should be removable. For the entire available width, it is necessary to increase the vertical channel in the 14th row. To clean it, a square door is installed.
The facade of the cooking chamber should be blocked in the 16th row. For this, a steel strip and corner are used. Overlapping the facade of the cooking chamber ends in the seventeenth row. You can complete the closure of the cooking chamber in the 19th row. The base of the upper ducts can be formed in the 20th row.
Overlapping the furnace can be prepared in the 22nd row. The smoke damper is installed and adjusted in place after the completion of the masonry of the 24th row. At this facility, a long-burning furnace with a water circuit can be considered complete. The chimney is implemented individually, since this takes into account the overlap and type of the house, as well as the rafter system.
The construction of a fireplace stove
When creating a fireplace stove, you will need welding. The body will have a double shirt. This place is the most difficult, so you can use one of two options. The first involves the manufacture of a furnace separately from the entire structure. A coil is inserted into this part. The finished element is then connected to other parts of the device.
The second option involves preparing the structure without a top roof. Inside, in the next step, the jacket shell is inserted and fixed. Only after this can you install a coil, which is prepared in advance. The second option allows you to change the assembly diagram. First, a coil is installed, and then a shirt. A thicker sheet of metal is used for its inner shell. This parameter should be 5 mm, as the material will be in the vicinity of an open flame and exposed to high temperatures.
Additional devices
The fireplace stove with a water circuit can be supplemented with a circulation pump. It is used if the firebox is located slightly above the radiators or at the same level with them. Under such conditions, it is needed for the reason that the system operates according to the laws of physics. Heated water rises up, and cold water comes from below. This fluid property is used in systems with natural circulation.
If the coil is located above the radiators, then the circulation is disturbed, and the water stops moving, while the coil boils. In order to eliminate problems, a pump is installed that increases the efficiency of the fireplace. The equipment is located in the basement or outside the house.
Description of the cast iron stove Guca Lava termo
Cast iron stoves with a water circuit are also quite popular. You can buy them in the store. The price of the above model is 49,200 rubles. It is wall mounted and is able to heat up to 240 m 3 of the room. The heated area is 89 m 2 . At the heart of the furnace and the furnace itself is cast iron.
The model provides for the presence of a water circuit. The door has glass. The chimney is discharged from above. A Serbian company makes wood stoves. One of the universal and powerful is the device that was mentioned above. Among the pluses, a water circuit should be highlighted. With it, you can heat adjacent rooms. This appliance is made of heat-resistant cast iron and boiler steel.
In the manufacturing process, the figure casting technique is used. The stove boasts not only high power, but also an effective design. The wood-fired sauna wood-burning stove has a heat output of 12 kW. There is no oven or hob in the design. The diameter of the chimney is 120 mm. The height, width and depth of the structure are 946x493x540 mm, respectively. This equipment weighs 155 kg and has a black color.
The coefficient of performance reaches 78%. The equipment is universal and combined with any style of decoration. It is possible to use the device for functioning indoors. Heating is provided by transferring thermal energy to the walls of the furnace and the glass of the door.
Construction of waste oil equipment
Without the help of specialists, you will be able to cope with the manufacture of the furnace for development. The gas cylinder will be the basis. Parts are welded together by arc welding. Among the tools and materials you will need:
- metal sheets;
- pipes;
- welding machine;
- level;
- roulette; drill;
- Bulgarian.
The gas bottle should have a capacity of 50 liters. The chimney is composed of pipes, the wall thickness of which is equal to the limit of 2 to 3 mm. The burner is also made of pipes. At the first stage, legs must be welded to the furnace body. They can be made of any suitable metal. The length of these elements is up to a limit of 20 to 30 cm. Next, you can proceed to installing the housing. With an angle grinder, you can cut holes that will be 50 cm from the floor.
When making a furnace with a long-burning water circuit for a summer residence, you will have to drill holes for the batteries and connect the parts of the pipe and equipment. The radiator is usually installed closer to the exit. For natural blowing, 5-cm holes should be made that will be located in the upper part of the pipe. It is important to provide a waste oil outlet system.
Before making holes for the battery, you must take the handset. It is important to foresee a place where the liquid will fall. If the device is installed in a private house, it may be a drain pit. The operation of the entire system will be helped by the water in the circuit. Without it, cyclicity will be disrupted, and the equipment will malfunction.
When making a furnace for mining with a water circuit, you will need to install it on a non-combustible surface. Walls around it are necessary to beat with heat-resistant material. In the place where the device will be installed, there should be no drafts, since the flame can spread to combustible materials. There should be no flammable objects nearby.
The oil used in the operation of the furnace must be cleaned. When the fire burns intensely, adding oil to the furnace is not recommended. Before ignition, make sure that the chamber is 2/3 full. Top up with solvent or gasoline to start the combustion process. Under these conditions, oil will evaporate. Leaving the unit for a long time without supervision is not recommended.
Features of manufacturing a cooking stove
If you want to lay out a stove for a house with a water circuit, then you can start making it from scratch.Another option is to mount the heat exchanger in a folded device. It can be represented by a stove or fireplace. The second method seems simpler, but in fact it is more time-consuming. Masonry can be made of ceramic red brick. Burned products should not be used, as well as unburnt ones. From normal you can distinguish them by color.
The former have an almost crimson hue, while the latter are light pink. The smoke channel is better to lay out of fireclay bricks, as it is characterized by high refractoriness. Long-burning furnaces with a water circuit must have a foundation. To do this, crushed stone, boot and a brick fight can be laid at the bottom of the pit. The layers are well compacted. The prepared "cake" is poured with cement mortar. Such a surface can be used for bricklaying in two layers.
The base must be covered with waterproofing material. For this, not only roofing material, but also parchment is excellent. After masonry is completed, the foundation rises above the floor surface by several centimeters. The main difference between a cooking stove with a water circuit is the presence of a heat exchanger. In the firebox, in the chimney and hood is a coil. In this case, we are talking about non-rotating devices. More often installed in the firebox.
During heating, the walls of the coil expand. To compensate for this process, leave a gap between the coil and the walls of the firebox. When laying the furnace, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of dismantling the stove to clean the register if this part is clogged with ash or combustion products.
The described heating furnace with a water circuit will have a high efficiency. The same factor causes one nuisance: in cold weather, the equipment will work perfectly, warming up the house, but the main problems can arise with the onset of heat. You cannot use the device when connected to a water circuit in the warm season.
This is due to the fact that the heating of the coolant in the radiators will be provided with the same intensity. If you turn off the radiator system, this will not save the situation, because the heat exchanger inside the furnace will heat up. From exposure to steam, the furnace can simply collapse.
A fireplace stove with a water heating circuit cannot work normally even if the coolant is drained in order to avoid exposure to steam power on the device. This is because the coil will continue to heat up, despite the fact that it will be deprived of coolant. Under the influence of high temperatures, the steel case burns out.
Finally
Many people wonder what is more profitable - a fireplace stove with a water circuit or an autonomous heating system. A fireplace will be cheaper, even if you mess with mounting a shirt. Such equipment can be connected to any heating system, and any part can be replaced if any node fails.
In this device, you can use any type of fuel. The equipment is not only functional, but also allows you to decorate the room. The described devices are universal. They fit into any style of the interior.
Facing a stove with a water circuit for a private house can be one of many materials. There is no automation in such designs. This not only simplifies the system, making it more durable, but also forces some users to abandon such devices in favor of other solutions. After all, the latter can be ignited by pressing the button.