Own home is a dream of many people. It is understandable, because in comparison with an apartment, private ownership has much more advantages. Typically, houses are located in areas where there are many plants and trees, which positively affects health. It is also worth noting a large area, as this is an important component of the choice of housing. Before you begin construction, you must carefully prepare for it. Firstly, it is necessary to find out for what purposes the house is being built, and secondly, to determine the building materials. When choosing raw materials, it is worth considering not only its advantages, but also its shortcomings. In addition, there are many other pitfalls, without having studied which, it is not recommended to begin construction. Especially you need to pay attention to the walls in the house. If you are not very versed in the intricacies of housing, you should seek the advice of professionals.
Brick house
Above we talked about how important it is to determine the purpose of construction. Usually distinguish two of their varieties: the cottage and for their own residence. This article will focus on the construction of houses for permanent residence. First of all, you should pay attention to such material as brick. Houses made from this raw material are durable and can easily withstand various natural disasters. The appearance of the building does not suffer from this, brick houses are very attractive. When it comes to price, there are small problems, because the construction of private ownership from this material will result in a rather large amount.
The walls in the house are the basis of construction. Brick is used quite often as a raw material, however, recently its popularity has slightly decreased. This is due to the high cost of the material, low moisture resistance, as well as the massiveness of the products. But the strength and bearing capacity of the brick makes some homeowners opt for this raw material. The material is equally well suited for the construction of multi-story high-rises, as well as for the construction of small suburban houses.
It is worth noting that the brick loses much to other building materials in terms of energy efficiency. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to take extreme measures, namely increasing the massiveness and bulkiness of the house. What should be the wall thickness in this case? To ensure a sufficient level of energy efficiency, a wall of brick must be erected at least 120 cm thick. It is clear that most people do not want to live permanently in a bunker, so this material is increasingly being used as a facing material.
The types of walls in houses are distinguished by their diversity and versatility. Universal raw materials do not exist, each person must choose the necessary material that will satisfy his needs.
Concrete blocks
As you know, a concrete wall is considered the most durable, and this fact must be taken into account when planning construction. Brick has recently been inferior in many respects to modern building materials. The main advantage of the blocks is the low price. In addition, the speed of building a house will increase significantly if you use modern blocks.
Therefore, it is not surprising that now most people opt for such raw materials. Projects of houses from blocks have gained good popularity, therefore, the sale of such materials is growing from year to year. Weโll talk more about the different types of this raw material, revealing all the advantages and disadvantages.
Foam and gas blocks
Why did we combine these two materials? The answer is simple - they have the same technical characteristics, the only difference is the internal structure of the raw materials. Foam blocks are made using concrete mortar, and adding special substances called foaming agents there. This production allows you to increase the level of quality of the material, as well as give energy efficiency. It is worth noting that the pores inside the raw material are closed, which allows foam blocks to perfectly fight moisture.
Gas blocks, on the contrary, have small through channels inside, and this is done specifically to conduct moisture without problems. Among the advantages of this material can be distinguished low cost, lightness and ease of use. Gas and foam blocks do not need complex decoration, which also relates to the advantages.
The walls in a private house made of this raw material will be fragile, not very strong. If we talk about gas blocks, then they have high permeability. In addition, such materials incorporate chemicals.
Expanded clay blocks
In the context of this raw material, slag stones are often also mentioned. The latter can also be attributed to inexpensive materials, but this is where their advantages end. The cinder block concrete wall is not strong enough, as it might seem at first glance. In addition, the raw materials have low sound insulation and moisture resistance. To prevent the walls from being blown out, additional insulation is necessary.
As for expanded clay concrete blocks, here for the same cost you will get a better material, which, moreover, will have high thermal conductivity. The block includes special gravel and cement mortar, so do not worry about the strength of the material. Expanded clay does not contain unnecessary chemicals, and construction is pretty fast. If you choose among two options, it is recommended to stop all the same on expanded clay concrete.
Arbolite
Recently, house designs are being created from blocks of a very different nature. Since we decided to talk about all types of this building material, then we should not lose sight of arbolite. This raw material is made from cement mortar with the addition of wood chips. The result is a light and warm block. From the arbolite, you can safely erect a building with a small number of storeys. Thanks to its excellent sound and heat insulation, excellent walls in the house are obtained.
However, like all other raw materials, arbolite has significant drawbacks. The material strongly absorbs moisture, which can adversely affect the quality of the walls. To solve this problem, it is necessary to buy insulating and water-repellent materials. In addition, the block of arbolite is notable for its unevenness, and during construction additional difficulties may arise in the form of waste of a large amount of concrete mortar. It is also worth noting that in the market it is now very difficult to find high-quality wood concrete. A lot of additional substances are added to the material, but this is not good. The price of raw materials is quite average, 1 cubic meter can be purchased for 4 thousand rubles and above.
Shell rock
Of all the types of blocks discussed above, it is the shell rock that has the highest cost. In addition, the material is not so much, so finding it is quite difficult. Raw materials are produced from the marine sedimentary mass, which additionally makes the material brittle. Of the obvious advantages, good sound absorption, thermal insulation, durability and environmental friendliness can be distinguished.
Shell rock is actually created by nature, and therefore it has a number of unique properties. For example, the material in the process of its formation is impregnated with sea salt, which, in turn, contains iodine. As a result, shell rock gives the house healing properties. Iodine is an excellent protection against radiation, hence the high cost of raw materials.
The disadvantages of the material are:
- if you plan to build a two-story house and above, you will definitely need to strengthen the shell with the help of special belts;
- it is impossible to find two identical in shape and size blocks;
- low moisture resistance;
- the material is very fragile, so you need to carefully unload and unload it.
Frame house
Frame technology for the construction of houses arose recently. This type of construction is especially popular in the Scandinavian countries. However, in Russia recently they are talking more and more about frame houses. Basically, the frame is made of wood, but in theory it can be metal. We highlight the main advantages of this technology:
- walls in a frame house are easily and quickly erected;
- the materials are quite environmentally friendly;
- the building does not sit down over time;
- no need to splurge on the foundation.
In addition, this option wins in price. The cost of building a frame house is relatively low. In addition to the advantages of such private ownership, there are also disadvantages. First of all, durability. The reliability of the frame house leaves much to be desired, this has a negative impact on the service life of the building. Be sure to hold a ventilation system in such a property, since there is practically no air exchange there.
Wooden house. Timber
At the end of the listing of the list of materials for building a house, it is worth mentioning about wood. This raw material is not only the most popular, but also practical. Wooden buildings can be erected at any time of the year, regardless of the weather.
Currently, you can build a great neat house out of timber. The material looks very beautiful, which will save on internal and external walls in the house. In addition, the construction of the building is quite simple, no special equipment is required.
As for the advantages of timber as a raw material, then we can distinguish:
- good soundproofing;
- building strength;
- positive properties of wood;
- no need to use decorative finishes.
Speaking of disadvantages, we must immediately recall the specific properties of wood, manifested in susceptibility to insects and moisture. In addition, the tree rots and cracks over time. In order not to cause unpleasant situations later, the building material must be treated with a special tool. We must not forget about the fire hazard of wood. To prevent such cases should be treated with fire fighting agents.
Many are interested in what should be the height of the walls in the house. There is no single answer to this question; each one chooses individually. As for the house from the timber, it is worth noting that it does not sit down much, however, the process itself will last for six months.
Log house
Classic. Another traditional Russian hut was made of logs. At the present stage, having the necessary amount of money, you can build a real masterpiece. The internal walls in the house, as well as the external ones, do not require additional decoration; they will look aesthetically pleasing anyway.
The material is one hundred percent environmentally friendly and natural, which positively affects the ventilation aspect. In a short time, using raw materials from wood, you can build an excellent comfortable building, and it is not necessary to spend a lot of money on this. In the winter, people living in such houses save on heating, as a wooden building quickly heats up.
We talked about the downsides of wood above. Today the market offers the consumer two types of logs: rounded and chopped. In the first case, the raw material is a product of lumber. The second option is more expensive, but differs in its strength. In any case, the final choice rests with the owner. If you do not know what material is best suited in a particular case, seek the help of professionals, at this time there will definitely not be a problem.
How to insulate the walls of the house outside?
In the winter season, every owner thinks about heating. In order not to blow out at home, it is necessary to insulate its walls from the outside. There are many ways and materials with which you can bring this venture to life. In this article we will consider the most popular and effective.
Polyfoam possesses moisture resistant and insulating qualities, but is subject to the negative influence of sunlight. In addition, the material is quite flammable. However, the walls are often insulated with polystyrene from the outside, while organizing a ventilation system. In this case, this raw material will be very useful in the winter.
Mineral wool is also often used for similar purposes. Among the advantages are fire resistance and excellent sound insulation. However, mineral wool is prone to moisture and loss of insulating properties. In addition, there is the likelihood of rodents.
How to insulate the walls of the house outside? In addition to the two options discussed above, there is one more: a material called polyurethane foam. It is a liquid insulation, characterized by the absence of gaps and joints. The material is environmentally friendly, does not allow cold, and also has a phenomenal frost resistance.
Aperture in the wall
Sooner or later, in any house, a period of reconstruction begins, when something needs to be changed. And in such cases, overhaul begins, where new openings are an integral part of it. The organization technology depends on what material you used to build the walls.
Before proceeding with the action, it is necessary to mark. Making an opening in the wall is not an easy task, and you need to take it very seriously. After drawing the lines, you should get down to business. If the walls are made of concrete, it is recommended to use a sledgehammer. In any case, do not tune in that you will finish everything quickly. Better to do longer, but better.
If the wall is made of brick, then problems can arise here. It is not difficult to disassemble the masonry, but if it is one or two bricks. To make an opening, you need the help of specialists.
Soundproofing
Today, this question arises most acutely, because in cities the noise level is constantly increasing, and people are trying to hide from it. Soundproofing the walls in the house looks like a mandatory procedure, without which it is impossible to live. It is worth noting that there are two main methods for reducing noise: to wall the walls with material that absorbs sound or to stick rolls that reflect it.
In order not to make a mistake with the choice, it is necessary to understand the reasons for the need for sound insulation. For example, if neighbors interfere with you, but the sound of passing cars does not bother you, then it is not necessary to isolate the external walls.
As for insulation material, the construction market offers several options. Plasterboard boards with porous materials have proved to be quite good. Polyurethane boards and soundproof membranes are also often used. To select the material in a specific situation, you should determine the cause of discomfort, as well as calculate the cost of raw materials, identify all the advantages and disadvantages.
Wall Cladding
Consider the issue of wall decoration on the example of a wooden house. Before starting the casing, you need to weigh the pros and cons. It is not always useful. Finishing is justified only if it is necessary to hide irregularities or insulate the room.
How to sheathe walls in the house? There are three main materials that are used more often than others and are distinguished by their reliability. We are talking about lining, drywall and plywood. The first option is the most expensive, but it costs its money. Lining is a wooden panel with special grooves that are interconnected. Despite the price, lining is used very often in wooden houses. If you want to stand out, it is recommended to opt for another option.
Drywall is considered the most versatile lining material among all the others. He earned his popularity with a low price, simple installation and reliability. Drywall - a material that does not have visible flaws. At least you wonโt remember them right away. This raw material is freely available in the market. Due to its qualities, this material is very popular.
Plywood is the least acceptable option of all. This material in itself is not very reliable, it allows air to pass through, but it is very inexpensive. In this case, it is better to overpay, and choose the covering material that in the particular case will look best.
What is a load-bearing wall and how to determine it?
Most people, after having lived in the house for several years, make reconstruction. The walls in a house undergo changes in the first place. Before starting repairs, it is necessary to determine the load-bearing walls. You can do this yourself, but it is recommended to seek help from professionals. You can determine the desired wall, but punching openings and holes yourself is not worth it.
First you need to figure out what a load-bearing wall in a house is. This is the wall that takes on the load of the elements located above, including beams and plates. Not all houses have such walls, sometimes instead of them you can find a column.
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It is recommended that the owner connect all friends and relatives who are involved in the construction process to the process of selecting material for the future home. In an extreme case, you can pay a little to a professional who will give valuable advice. And only then, when you find out different opinions, you should decide for yourself.