The desire to make your home warmer and more comfortable is common to all owners of suburban property. In order for the housing to really be qualitatively insulated, you need to choose the right thermal insulation material. The modern market offers many options for providing housing with heat. And it is not necessary to use sod or moss in the old fashion, because there are plenty to choose from. Consider what insulation materials are in demand today.
Basaltic rocks (GOST 9573-96)
Basalt heat-insulating material is obtained by melting rocks into which bonding elements are added to give volume. Such thermal insulation allows for the preservation of heat in the room, in addition, it serves as an excellent sound insulation and fire protection. In the decoration of housing used basalt continuous or staple fiber. With prolonged use, such material will not be destroyed even under the influence of radiation. This heat-insulating material is available in the form of mats, fire retardant rolls or superthin fiber. The advantages of such thermal insulation include:
- Possibility of operation at temperature differences.
- Resistance to destruction under contrast exposure - from cooling to heating.
- High chemical resistance.
- Incombustibility.
- Ecological cleanliness.
- Long term of operation.
The thermal insulation material "Vermiculite", which is a mineral of a layered structure, has proven itself well. When heated, filaments are obtained in which other components are added, thereby obtaining an insulating material. Thanks to high-quality additives, materials are obtained that are resistant to most harmful factors. It is used as a heat-insulating backfill at various temperatures.
Foamed polypropylene (GOST 26996-86)
An excellent thermal insulation material for pipes is expanded polypropylene. Closed porous structure, smooth surface, good water repellent properties, high strength and resistance to destructive action make this material popular. Ecological cleanliness and non-toxicity allow the material to maintain its performance properties for a long time.
Fiberboard
If you are looking for quality heat - insulating material for the floor, pay attention to fiberboards. They are based on softwood fibers, so they are environmentally friendly. Plates are obtained as a result of deep processing of wood. Therefore, the final material shows effective thermal insulation. Thanks to this, fiberboard is widely used in construction as a heat-insulating material for the arrangement of the roofing system, walls, floors and floors. Distinctive features include:
- No environmental damage and easy disposal.
- Resistance to temperature extremes.
- Good soundproofing properties.
- Increased hygroscopicity and water absorption.
Wood-fiber heat-insulating material (GOST 4598) is created in the form of large-sized plates or sheets consisting of fibrous mass, which is subject to molding and heat treatment.
Liquid thermal insulation materials
Among modern thermal insulation materials, one can note such a variety as liquid. In them, the main component is balls made of ceramic or silicone, which consist of discharged air. The balls are placed in a latex mixture with additional acrylic weaves and various additives that prevent corrosion. Liquid heat - insulating material is applied as paint, and after solidification a heat-insulating layer is formed, not inferior to traditional types of heaters in their operational properties. The main features of this material include:
- good hydro and thermal insulation;
- corrosion protection;
- ease of application and repair;
- duration of operation.
Liquid thermal insulation is applied to the surface with a roller or spray, even a layer of 1 cm is enough to minimize heat loss. In our country, this material is still not used as often as usual heaters, but due to its excellent waterproofing and anti-corrosion properties, it also finds its consumer.
The heat-insulating liquid material adheres well to any type of surface, including metal and plastic. After interacting with them, an elastic film is formed, characterized by strength and density. Manufacturers guarantee that the thermal insulation properties are maintained for 15 years. The main advantages of a liquid heat insulator are its lightness, subtlety, and the possibility of using it at different temperatures and incombustibility. Widely used in aviation, space, shipbuilding industry, construction of residential and industrial facilities, pipeline insulation.
Combined materials
When choosing a modern thermal insulation material, pay attention to the so-called removable thermal insulation. It is necessary for finishing hatches, fittings, fittings, turbines at a temperature of –40 to +700 degrees. In combined materials there are two layers - the inner one is filled directly with insulation (mineral wool, glass wool or foam rubber are used in this quality), and the outer one is made of reinforced fiberglass and various polymers. Such insulation quickly pays off, the level of heat loss is reduced to 95%, and the durability of the finish is about 30 years. Due to the two-layer structure, such material is advisable to use in harsh climatic conditions.
Silica-based materials
These heat insulators attract attention with their resistance to high temperatures - they can be easily used at 1000 degrees. Mats are created on the basis of silica fibers, which are not only excellent heat insulators, but also no less good heat protectors of rooms. Such materials are widely used to protect walls from the effects of fire, as well as those rooms that need additional security. Such a thermal insulation material for walls is simply a great option. Among the most popular materials of this type, it is possible to note the environmentally friendly and reliable SuperSilica insulation.
Mineral wool and mats
The most common way of warming rooms is using mineral wool. Plates are created during the melting of rocks, when during the production process synthetic binders are added to the mixture, giving the product a certain shape. Mineral thermal insulation material is a universal solution, since it can be used to warm any type of room. Plate production is carried out according to GOST 9573-96, and they themselves are divided into several categories.
A variety of mineral fiber is glass wool. It is coarser in consistency, characterized by density, resistance to the occurrence of shrinkage, the fibers remain intact even after prolonged exposure to vibrations.
Plates of increased rigidity are created on the basis of synthetic binders. Thanks to them, high strength and large dimensions of the material are ensured, which makes it very profitable to buy such a heat-insulating material - its price will be small, since there will be enough plates for a large space. On average, you will have to pay 1,200 rubles per package (18 sq. M).
Foam glass is created in the form of slabs or blocks, which is obtained by sintering a glass battle powder with limestone or anthracite. The distinctive features of these materials include frost resistance, strength, ease of processing, temperature resistance.
Penoizol
Many owners of country houses will tell you that the porous foam "Penoizol" is perfect for decorating a variety of rooms. This is the best thermal insulation material of our time, which has impressive properties. Firstly, it has a low density. Secondly, it is not susceptible to fire and rodents. Thirdly, manufacturers claim that this heat insulator is able to hold out for 35 years. Today, the material is widely used in low-rise construction, in the construction of storage facilities, hangars and other production sites. Distinctive features include:
- resistance to moisture;
- ease of installation;
- profitability;
- low thermal conductivity.
Foam glass
This material is a closed cell obtained by foaming a mixture of ground glass and carbon. This structure provides a low density and lightness of insulation. The distinctive features of foam glass include the following:
- High strength.
- Incombustibility.
- Resistance to moisture.
- Resistance to mechanical damage.
- No need to use special tools when working.
According to GOST 16381-77, the material belongs to the slab in its shape, however, foam glass products can also be shaped. Today, this insulation is widely used in industrial and civil engineering, the construction of roads and sports facilities, as well as in the agricultural sector.
Perlite
At the heart of this heat-insulating material are grains of volcanic rocks, which are fired. Perlite contains up to 3% of water, which begins to turn into steam when exposed to high temperature and evaporates. As a result, expanded perlite is obtained . Due to the porous structure, the material shows excellent water resistance properties, which allows it to be used for residential and industrial construction. Perlite is also used to create heat-insulating materials, which makes it possible to reduce the weight of the final material by almost 40%.
Roll insulation "Ursa"
This material attracts attention by the fact that it can be used for finishing pitched structures, partitions, floors and ceilings. It is made in the form of rolls, which ensures a snug fit where the structural units converge due to high compressibility and elasticity. In addition to wall and roof insulation, roll insulation is used in thermal insulation of pipelines, sound insulation of ducts, as well as in the decoration of industrial equipment and installations. Its cost is from 1300 rubles per package (1.2 m 3).
Penoplex
This material is based on polystyrene foam, and its various varieties are used to process various elements of the foundation:
- Penoplex 35 is needed for finishing the foundations of houses, walling and structures.
- "Penoplex 45" is used for insulation of floors, which have a large load, foundations, roads and railways.
- Penoplex Standard is used for thermal insulation of bases, floors, pools and piping systems.
Penoplex copes with insulation very well, since it shows high strength and durability, resistance to various types of exposure, fire resistance and ease of use. Cost - from 4000 rubles per 1 m.
Flax and pulp
Flax-based insulation material is environmentally friendly and safe, so it can be safely used for interior decoration. It is widely used in low-rise and wooden house construction. Thanks to this material, the indoor climate will be naturally regulated, condensation will not appear in the house, and the air itself will not be humid or, conversely, dry. Thermal insulation material based on flax is widely used in the decoration of ceilings, internal partitions, external walls, floors and ceilings. If you need inexpensive insulation for the attic, give preference to cellulose-based material. Thanks to the presence of boron materials in your house will be reliably protected from insects.
Thus, a huge amount of heat-insulating materials that can be used for interior decoration is presented today. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages, so when choosing a universal solution, proceed from your preferences, from the characteristics of your home, as well as from financial opportunities. And remember that competent and high-quality thermal insulation is a guarantee that your house will be warm, and you can save on its further maintenance.