The hatch has a different purpose, it is mounted in different places. The most common is sewer, there are also storm water inlets and others. Its main purpose is to protect the internal contents from debris, people and animals. It is also a barrier against the spread of odors.
The hatch in the well must always be present. The main task is to choose the right option and choose the right option. Difficulties in this should not arise, because there are many varieties on sale, depending on the purpose of the well. Do not forget about complete safety and reliability.
What materials are used to create the cover?
Not only the cost of the cover will depend on the selected material, but also the duration of operation, reliability. There are the most common and well-known:
- Cast iron is one of the most reliable and frequently used materials; its service life reaches 100 years. Relevant in those places where the load on the well is large - roads, tracks. To mount a hatch for a well of such material on its site is not rational and not cost-effective.
- Plastic is another material that is increasingly in demand. Because the cost is many times less than the first model. In addition, various shapes and colors are on sale. They are light in weight, which means that a person can mount without additional help. Moreover, such an element is easy to open. In a private house, such a model is most suitable.
- Concrete - found, but not often. Because the level of tightness is not the highest, but the weight is significant. But they can be found on non-standard wells with a large inlet.
What is relevant?
Hatches of storm water inlets are most often made of cast iron.
For a septic tank in a private country house, plastic is suitable. Concrete is not worth using for personal purposes. Having made a decision regarding the material, it is worth sorting out the forms.
Which form fits?
Not so long ago, only round hatches were in demand, since they are considered universal. They are suitable for septic tanks and other pits, in which a hole above the ground of a certain shape. During operation, they show themselves on the positive side. But today there are other models that are actively acquired and applied.
Rectangular models are a little less common. Another view is the square manhole covers. It is necessary to initially make just such a neck. They look quite acceptable, while the well itself does not lose its purpose. These are all conditional divisions, experts believe that it is important to rely on where it will be operated, since reliability depends on many factors.
What are the two most common hatchways?
Plumbing and sewer - one of the most popular. To avoid confusion, manufacturers use special markings. In addition, there is GOST, on the basis of which they are created. The literal separation is simple:
- sewer - on the top on the cover a large letter K;
- plumbing - B;
- storm water inlet - D.
Focusing on this, it’s easier to get a suitable model that will cope with the task. Another important indicator is size. The round design is determined by diameter. It can be internal and external. The diameter of the protruding part of the well is measured.
Dimensions depending on indicators
The hatches are distinguished according to the following data:
- Light and small in size - the load class of almost all A15s. Weight a little more than 10 kilograms. Since it’s not ready for a serious load, it is located in parks and private houses. The term of operation is more than 40 years. Dimensions - 540x540x80 mm.
- Plastic. The weight is the same as the first. For this reason, it can not be located on the roads, and therefore only in parks or private buildings. The service life is lower, the dimensions in mm are 750x750x80.
- Polymer with a locking device. Its weight is more than 40 kg. Despite the weight, its range of application is not expanded and is identical to the first two. For twenty years, the hatch will serve as intended, and its dimensions - 780x780x110 mm.
- Plastic - weight category within 40 kilograms, but the load is 3000 kg. Often found in viewing wells. Operation for 20 years, dimensions - 750x630x115 mm.
- Plastic road - load class B125, weight over 49 kg. It is quite suitable for the carriageway, parking lots. Enough for 50 years with dimensional indicators 780x782x110 mm.
In addition, there is a conditional separation of sizes depending on the weight indicator. The basis is the size of the body and cover:
- Less than one ton - 720x60 and 600x25 mm, respectively.
- Less than two tons - this includes light and square hatches.
- If the indicator is less than 5 tons, then they are considered both light and moderate. Dimensions 750x90 or 100 mm, but the lid is slightly smaller (690x55 or 50 mm).
- And the last look is heavy. They withstand up to 25 tons. They are rarely used and are not often found on sale.
Each size is fixed in GOST 3634-99, so manufacturers adhere to these data. The weight of the hatch depends on the destination. It is not necessary to apply too heavy for a private house, otherwise it will be difficult to deal with it. As practice shows, it is always easy to find a cover of a non-standard size, they can be custom-made.
As for the rectangular shape, its dimensional values can not be made up, about them there is also a line in GOST. One side in the minimum indicator may be 300 mm, after which it begins to increase by 50 mm. Experts believe that before creating any well, it is worth making a decision on the size of the neck and the cover itself. This is necessary so that after installation work it is not required to carry out improvements.
Another model that is constantly in demand is hatches with a locking device. They are found in park areas. It is difficult to find on the roads, although the level of load and the operating life do not change. Depending on the material of manufacture, the cost of the hatch changes. The price can start from 400 rubles and go up to several thousand, so it’s not worthwhile for a private house to buy too expensive a structure with an increased level of load.
How to install?
Everyone can be engaged in installation work, but provided that the lid is light weight. The ring of the shell is put first, for support is the cover of the underground well. This allows you to reduce the load on the well itself. Some do brick or concrete masonry, but its life is not very long.
In order for the hatch to fix correctly, apply a level, this is also required for load distribution. If there is a slope, the hatch sags and further breaks down. How is the whole structure fixed? Sand-concrete mortar is used depending on the selected material. It is applied around the entire perimeter, then the ring is placed and left to dry completely.
Recommendations
To prevent freezing, it is worth using special lubricating compounds. The pig-iron hatch made in accordance with GOST (3634-99) is already implemented with this composition, so it just needs to be laid. It is better to adhere to standard sizes, so that if you need to replace such a design there are no problems.
Conclusion
So, we found out what types and sizes are hatches. A wide variety of elements are in demand, although many began to prefer lightweight constructions. Different color schemes even mask the drain pit or septic tank even among the lawn. The covers are so reliable that even water does not penetrate. In addition, they have a long service life.