A tree trunk functions as a central trunk, delivering nutrients from the roots to leaves, flowers and fruits. In the winter period, it stores the substances necessary for life, in the summer there is sap flow. Typically, trees have one trunk. It grows vertically along
relation to the earth, but can be inclined or curved as a result of any natural phenomena or third-party interventions. The trunk of the tree increases in growth due to the apical bud - this is the main shoot of the whole plant. Cambium division increases thickness. Wood - the bulk of the trunk is divided into annual rings. Top of the tree trunk is covered with bark - a protective shell. As a rule, a shape close to the cylinder is characteristic of this part of the plant. Thickness escapes to the top of the tree.
But sometimes an even trunk of a tree suddenly begins to change, and in it in one or several places a growth or cap appears. As a rule, these deviations occur as a result of any sharp shift in the development of a particular tree for reasons of a natural nature or human intervention. Mouthguards can grow not only on the trunk, but also on the roots of trees. The growth on the tree trunk can be single, or it can be a group connected by rope-shaped processes. The burls are always covered with bark, even on the roots. The growth is not considered a disease of the tree, but is a vice for wood as a building material.
On the other hand, the wood texture of the burl ensures its demand in
sculptors, designers, artists, cabinetmakers. It is valued for its beauty and originality. It is caused by the growth of a tree in a certain area: in a forest, in the mountains, close to a reservoir. The veneers, furniture, board games, sculpture, baguette, jewelry, knife handles, trim for cars, household items and much more are made from the mouthguards. The wood of growths is very difficult to process both on machines and manually, since the fibers are uneven and heterogeneous. Some of them are tightly twisted, which makes the cap unusually hard and durable. But the wood of growths is undoubtedly very beautiful, it is widely used in applied art, caskets, caskets, dishes and more are made from it.
Sometimes a cap-like change indicates tree disease. The photo was taken from the tree on which the burls were removed, and, obviously, there are no texture changes in the wood. Diseases of a tree, as a rule, are complex processes that occur in close interdependence with the environment. They are very diverse in nature and pathology. During the disease, the affected tissue dies, but the tree's overall vitality decreases. Also, these trees immediately attract masses of stem pests - insects. Biologists share several types of
tree diseases
: cancer, necrosis, rot (root and stem). Trees themselves often cannot cope with diseases on their own. A person helps them in this: in the garden - a gardener, in the forest - a specialist biologist. But, unfortunately, the disturbed ecology of the planet brings more and more tree diseases.