Restoration is a vital event for various cultural monuments. It helps to preserve the valuable heritage of national, and even global significance. Therefore, only specialists in this field have the right to conduct it. In the article, we briefly consider the features of the restoration of cultural heritage objects in Russia. We will find out how the work is carried out, how the license is obtained, what areas of work exist and what legislative acts regulate them.
Registry
What belongs to culturally significant objects in our country? Their entire list is contained in a document compiled by the Ministry of Culture. This is the Unified Register of Cultural Heritage Sites. It is in the public domain and was published in 2014.
The register of cultural heritage objects has several important purposes and functions:
- improving the accounting of various culturally significant objects by creating a single information base;
- The main source of data on culturally significant objects, their location;
- the extent of the protection zones of such culturally important objects of recognized significance for the peoples of Russia;
- automation of technological processes for maintaining information about culturally significant objects;
- the introduction of a register that combines information on all Russian cultural heritage sites in electronic and public form;
- generating reports, providing information and extracts based on the document;
- recording data on monitoring the status of culturally significant objects;
- providing people with information about culturally significant objects;
- information technology interaction of various services based on the document.
Definition
Restoration (monuments of architecture, paintings, sculptures, DPI, etc.) is a complex of works that together ensure the preservation of culturally significant objects.
The main objective of this activity: to recreate the most accurate previous appearance of the object while preserving all its characteristic features. In this case, there are two main difficulties: precisely determine the necessary materials and select the most appropriate technology.
At the same time, restoration work can be design and production, survey and research.
Activities
The restoration of cultural heritage sites is as follows:
- Preservation. A forced measure to prevent deterioration of the view, condition of the monument. Emergency work is being carried out at this time.
- Repairs. Work to maintain the facility in operational condition.
- Restoration. Works ensuring the preservation of a culturally significant object.
- Development of a project to adapt a monument of culture or nature for modern use. Works during which all conditions are created for the operation of a historical object in real reality.
The following are also highlighted:
- reconstruction of architectural complexes;
- restoration of historical monuments;
- survey and research activities as part of the restoration;
- projects for the restoration of monuments, their implementation under architectural supervision;
- production work and technological control;
- scientific and methodological guidance.
Types of restoration
A cultural heritage restoration project may include the following activities:
- reconstruction and restoration of facades;
- restoration and recreation of interiors;
- restoration of roofs, roofs;
- restoration of the foundation, foundations;
- restoration of floors;
- restoration of landings and flights;
- restoration of parts made of artificial and natural stone;
- restoration of various metal structures;
- Strengthening the soil base of the facility;
- restoration of the engineering structure: water supply and sanitation, lighting, heating, energy supply, air conditioning and ventilation.
Job classification
Restoration of architectural monuments in the Russian Federation comprises several varieties of activity.
- Development of design documents for the restoration, conservation and recreation of culturally significant objects.
- Drawing up design documents for the repair and adaptation of natural and cultural monuments.
- Preservation, restoration and recreation of foundations, foundations, masonry, spacer structures and fences.
- Preservation, restoration and recreation of metal structures.
- Preservation, restoration and recreation of wooden parts and structures.
- Preservation, restoration and recreation of various stucco decoration, plastering, artistic, decorative painting.
- Preservation, restoration, recreation of decor elements, structures made of artificial and natural stones.
- Preservation, restoration and recreation of samples of arts and crafts, sculpture.
- Preservation, restoration and recreation of paintings - both easel and monumental.
- Preservation, restoration and restoration of various historical landscapes, as well as examples of park and garden art.
- Repair and further adaptation of culturally significant objects.
Legislative regulation
Programs for the restoration of cultural heritage in the Russian Federation are regulated by the following legislative acts:
- Federal Law No. 73, adopted in 2002;
- “Instructions for the preservation, accounting procedure, maintenance, use and restoration of culturally significant objects”;
- Code of restoration rules of the SRP-2007 group;
- SNiPs (apply only in those cases when they can not harm the object).
Licensing
To carry out the restoration of the cultural heritage site of an organization planning to take on such work, it is required to obtain a license from the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation to start operations. This stage of work is regulated by Federal Law No. 73 (2002), article 3. Licensing concerns objects of federal significance and objects under the protection of the Ministry of Culture.
Licensing itself is carried out in accordance with Federal Law No. 99 (2011) - “On Licensing of Certain Types of Activities”. And also according to the Regulation adopted by Decree of the Russian Government No. 349 (2012). It is important to pay attention to the fact that the new Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation supplemented the document with a number of changes that entered into force on November 26, 2017.
At the same time, third-party organizations draw the attention of restorers to the fact that in most cases it is not possible to independently obtain a license for the restoration of culturally significant objects. What is the price of cooperation? The cost of restoration of cultural heritage sites is within 300 thousand rubles.
The document is issued within 45 days. Its validity is unlimited. However, such a perpetual license is valid only in the territory of the Russian Federation.
Documentation for obtaining a license
To issue a license for the restoration of cultural heritage objects, you need to provide the intermediary with the following package of documents:
- copy of the organization’s charter;
- copy of state registration certificate (PSRN);
- copy of tax registration paper (TIN);
- certificates of all changes in constituent documents (SRN);
- copy of extract from the register;
- copy of the protocol on the establishment of the organization;
- copy of the order on entry into the post of the head of the company;
- a copy of the Goskomstat certificate on assigning statistics codes to the organization;
- free form company card;
- copy of the passport of the head of the company;
- copy of the education certificate of the head of the organization;
- copies of documents on the education of employees who will perform the work;
- Organization license
- copy of the lease of office space or paper certifying ownership of it.
Work sequence
The general scheme looks something like this:
- Gathering the necessary historical information about the previous appearance of the object in the smallest details.
- Determination of the degree of wear of the structure, its suitability for further use. Conducting construction expertise.
- Determination of the volume of restoration work.
- Development of a detailed restoration plan, taking into account the engineering, artistic and architectural features of the facility.
- Conducting preparatory measures directly at the facility that will ensure the safety of the building during installation and construction works.
- Implementation of restoration activities.
- Delivery of the object to the customer.
Interaction with supervisory authorities
The organization performing the restoration of the facility, throughout the continuation of the work, interacts with state control bodies:
- coordination of project documentation for restoration;
- receipt of the task (the opinion of the owner, customer is also taken into account, but is not decisive);
- obtaining a license of a state body for work;
- obtaining permission from the body for the protection of culturally significant objects;
- delivery of documentation on the work (including the scientific report).
Restoration work is not an alternative to conventional reconstruction. Their implementation is a long process. Be sure to study the historical appearance of the object, prepare projects, obtain a license, submit reports to the Ministry of Culture. However, it is precisely such measures that make it possible to preserve a culturally significant object.