The combined roof looks like a structure that allows you to successfully connect the roof to the attic. Such a roof device is much cheaper, and the assembly of the structure is carried out without complicated preparatory steps. However, it is necessary to comply with all construction rules regulated by roofing technology. Very often, reinforced concrete components are used to erect these structures. The combined roof structure of this type has during the construction of buildings of multi-storey buildings.
Types of combined roofs
As thermal insulation, various materials are used. However, they all have the only drawback - they are afraid of getting wet. Therefore, roofers use several types of structures that differ in the way they protect the insulation. One of the most common types of combined roofs is considered to be a ventilated roof. This model allows you to dry the insulation layer with the help of an air gap.
The next most significant is the non-ventilated type of roofs, in the construction of which hydrobarriers are used. Alternatively, in some roofs, an integrated version is used in which the ventilated structure can have non-ventilated segments. This model of combined roofs, photos of which can be seen in this article, is often used in the construction of private houses. A completely non-ventilated roof is more used in the implementation of commercial projects.
Ventilated
The air gap is used to dry the roof insulation in a combined ventilated roof, while performing additional thermal insulation functions. Such a coating is resistant to external temperature conditions. The use of this model is due to several reasons:
- maximum security of each insulating layer;
- lack of consolidations and blisters;
- the possibility of using heaters on an organic basis;
- cost-effectiveness of installation design.
For the device of a ventilated roof of combined coatings, reinforced concrete slabs are used, covered with insulating materials, over which the air gap is maintained. Thin roofing concrete slabs coated with a layer of waterproofing are installed above the insulation.
Unventilated
This method of combined roofing involves a more complex composition. When using this model, the main goal is to insulate inclined planes as much as possible. To accomplish this task, all stacked layers are compacted as much as possible. In this way, condensation is completely eliminated.
However, this design has some limitations. It is not recommended for use in regions where in winter the air temperature drops below -30 degrees Celsius.
Structurally, this combined roof model is as follows. As the base, a reinforced concrete slab is used. Then a protective layer consisting of a vapor barrier is laid. After that, the surface is covered with a dense layer of heat-insulating material. In this case, the use of bulk insulation like expanded clay is allowed. In the next step, the surface is leveled with a cement mortar screed. Next, a waterproofing layer is laid, and at the last stage, roll-type insulation materials are rolled on the surface.
Partially ventilated
This type of combined roof can serve as an average solution between previous methods. For its installation, a reinforced concrete slab is also laid at the base, which is covered with a layer of lightweight concrete slabs. Next, a layer of rolled waterproofing materials is laid. This roof model has an attic, even if the attic is closed and you do not have to use its area. Subject to the latter condition, the project cost can be reduced by 15 percent.
Types of combined structures
For the device of various types of roofs, they use their own types of structures that are most suitable in the circumstances. According to the type of construction, there are 4 main varieties:
- horizontal
- flat;
- two-layer;
- inversion.
Each of these types of roofs has its own production technology and involves the use of a specific group of building materials. Next, we consider each of the types in more detail.
Horizontal
This model is used to erect a non-ventilated type of roof and has several assembly variations:
- flat, used in the construction of private houses;
- combined reverse, in which heaters with a high density are used;
- horizontal inverse.
When using this type of combined roofs, they attach great importance to vapor barrier layers that prevent the formation of condensate. In addition, the horizontal roof does not have protection against external temperature changes. Therefore, to protect the surface from above, a regulated layer of crushed stone is spread.
Flat
Flat combined roofs are the most common type of roofs, which is used at any opportunity. The following layers form it:
- base in the form of floor slabs;
- vapor barrier layer;
- thermal insulation layer;
- waterproofing;
- roofing material.
In these types of roofs, attic rooms are often arranged, adding aesthetic appeal to the facade of the building. For these structures, it is not recommended to use dark tones of roofing materials. Preference should be given to heat insulation materials with high density. A flat roof has access to terraces and viewing platforms.
Double layer
Using this type of roof device, two layers of thermal insulation materials are used. Most often, plates of pressed mineral wool are used, protecting with a layer of waterproofing. The first layer of thermal insulation is laid on the basis of a thickness twice as large as the next. This method allows you to protect the roof as much as possible from the influence of external factors, and also helps to reduce the load, significantly increasing the life of the roof. This model is built from the following components:
- the foundation;
- vapor barrier layer;
- the main layer of thermal insulation materials;
- top layer of thermal insulation;
- waterproofing layer.
Between the insulation sometimes lay an additional layer of vapor barrier. The latter helps to avoid unnecessary compaction of the insulating layers.
Inversion
This type of roof structure differs in the arrangement of the protective layers. Using this model, use the reverse procedure for laying waterproofing and insulation materials. Here, the layer of waterproofing is maximally protected from various damages and the effects of an aggressive environment. This arrangement involves the following steps:
- concrete base;
- cement strainer;
- waterproofing layer;
- drainage components;
- insulation layer;
- a layer of geotextiles;
- regulated mixture of sand and cement;
- paving slabs.
This type of roof is best suited for the installation of terraces, outdoor areas and parking areas. The main advantage of this design is its high strength. Ordinary roofs are too susceptible to the influence of the external environment, and for inverse this problem is not a threat.
In addition, a simplified method of installing this type of roof allows you to use it for existing buildings, without much effort and complicated preparations. To accomplish this task, it is enough to dismantle the existing insulation coatings and install others using the specified order.
Conclusion
So, we examined the main types of roofs. As you can see, the combined roof can be very different. Everyone chooses the best option for themselves.