Pension benefits are provided to citizens on the basis of criteria such as disability, old age and loss of breadwinner. An old-age pension is paid in connection with the achievement of a certain working age. It is mainly women 55 years old and men 60 years old. But special groups of residents have the right to receive a pension before they reach old age. Let’s figure out what an old-age pension consists of.
Retirement Age Increase
Starting from January 1, 2017, an increase in the retirement age is valid for citizens working in the government, which did not delight many public servants approaching the podium for completing their career. In addition, each year these terms will increase by 2 quarters, to 65 and 63 years for women and men, respectively.
According to the articles of the law, persons with a work experience of 15 years also have the opportunity to receive an old-age pension .
Retirement rate
At the same time, it is mandatory to have a pension coefficient based on a point-rating system, in total not less than 30 points (since 2025). The value of this coefficient is formed from two components:
- contribution to the Pension Fund by the employer, at the enterprise of which the pensioner was fulfilling his duties;
- total work experience.
The total amount of points this year is 8.26. In the future, calculated for 2021, it will increase by 1.74, that is, it will reach 10. This is how the old-age pension in Russia is calculated.
Features of retirement of women
Women have the same rights to early retirement as men. First of all, this is due to adverse working conditions, as well as work in regions with a difficult climate. In addition, for other social reasons, women retire early and receive incentive bonuses in the form of interest. There are certain distinctions, at what age and for what reasons a woman can retire up to 55 years. Let's see what an old-age pension for women consists of:
- At the age of 45-50, according to the law, female persons can receive a pension having an experience of 7.5 years or more on rough, underground work, with unfavorable working conditions.
- In the age category under 40 years of age, having a disability, in connection with getting injured in the course of participation in hostilities or with deprivation of vision and other diseases received at work.
An interesting fact is that women who work in the Far North region, with at least 15 years of experience, retire at the age of 50. And women with permanent residence in all regions harmful to health, with work experience of more than 20 years and occupying the position of hunter, fisherman, including reindeer husbandry, retire at 45 years old.
Representatives of the fair sex have every right to a well-deserved rest under the age of 50 years, giving life and raising 5 or more children under the age of eight. But how do women calculate their pensions? The old-age pension itself consists of:
- fixed payments;
- funded part;
- Pension Fund Insurance.
Fixed payouts
Fixed payments are fixed, fixed, fixed amounts fixed by the government and received by people who are old. This type of pension may vary depending on specific indicators:
- age category;
- the number of people supported by a pensioner;
- place of residence;
- the presence of disability.
As a good example, a comparison of the size of the pension relative to the above indicators can be given. So, the majority of pensioners receive fixed payments in the amount of 4 558.93 rubles. Citizens who have reached 80 years of age or have a degree of disability - 9,117.86 rubles. Persons supported by at least one dependent receive 6,078.57 rubles.
Insurance pension
Another way of calculating a pension for older people is an insurance pension. During all the working years of a citizen occupying a place in a state enterprise, his employer pays interest to the Pension Fund.
These percentages are calculated from the share of official wages and, in turn, take the form of an individual coefficient - points, depending on the length of service, retirement age and salary. On average, one such point is 74.27 rubles. How much old-age pension will total?
Calculation Example
For example, if it is necessary to calculate the pension coefficient of a citizen with a salary of 30,000 rubles per month:
- Salary for 1 year: 30,000 x 12 months = 360,000 rubles.
- At a rate of 22% of the total amount of insurance premiums: 360,000 x 22% = 7,920,000 rubles, of which 57,600 are allocated to an insurance pension at a rate of 16%.
- As a result, we get: 57,600 rubles / 127,360 rubles (the amount of contributions from the maximum annual salary in the Russian Federation for 2016) = 0.45 x 10 = 4.5 points.
- This amount of points falls on a salary of 30,000 rubles. Points should be converted to money: 4.5 x 74.27 (this is one point today) = 334.215 rubles.
It is also important that the total amount of such points is limited. That is, if the current pensioner was a millionaire in the past, this does not mean that the state should go bankrupt, providing it with a monthly substantial increase in pension. For information, in 2025 it will be possible to get up to 10 points, as opposed to 7.39 and 7.83 points in 2015 and 2016, respectively.
Funded pension
The third type of old-age pension accrual is funded pension. It is characteristic of this method of allocating funds to elderly disabled citizens of our country every month to provide pension savings on a lifelong basis. Insurance premiums are formed due to the investment of employers in the Pension Fund and the receipt of interest by employees from this amount.
It must be emphasized that the funded pension is paid to residents starting in 1967 and to all those who are younger. But not so simple. Citizens who fall into this category, but did not complete everything documented before the end of 2015, are not entitled to receive this type of pension contributions.
Old age pension indexation
Indexation is a systematic increase in social payments based on the consumer price index for various goods and services. That is, there is a constant recount of pension contributions. Its main essence is that as a result of inflation, the cost of the most necessary products and services (primarily utilities) for life support increases sharply. Due to indexation, the disabled population of the country, which is on state support, does not feel flawed, but it does not get rich either. This situation can be called positive, if only because everything remains stable. And when is an old-age pension raised?
There is no fixed, specific date for indexing pensions and other social benefits. Each interested person has the right to contact government agencies with authority in these matters and ask all questions of interest after raising market prices for the main group of the most necessary goods. However, there are cases when the state ascertains the fact of indexation of pension payments.
Years for calculating a pension
When calculating the size of the pension, the work experience starting from 2002 is taken into account. All information of the current legislation is taken for 2016. There is no new information on making any innovations in 2017, so there is nothing to comment on in this regard.
Thus, taking the specific time period as the basis, it is necessary to carry out the calculation in this way: the available amount of money should be divided by the price of one point, relative to which indexation will take place in the new year, based on the increase in the index on consumer prices of the main product groups for 2016.
The whole process is carried out under the control of state bodies after this indicator has been determined. As a result, a new amount of pension contributions is assigned. We hope that now it has become clear to you what old-age pension consists of.
Summing up the above, it is necessary to add that those who receive a pension have the full right to independently make a choice of any of the 60 months of their period of employment, starting January 1, 2002. The trick is that it does not matter, seniority was obtained during the Soviet Union or modern Russia. All calculations are carried out in a similar way.
Over time, new laws on the calculation of pensions will be created, and changes in the principles of calculation are possible, which make up an old-age pension .