As the construction industry develops, staircase designs are also being improved. The most common in suburban homes and cottages are made of wood. Wood is the most technologically advanced and environmentally friendly material for the internal structure of residential premises. In the manufacture of stairs, such constructive solutions are used that were developed by builders around the world during the entire development of human civilization. The following varieties of designs: straight staircase, spiral, with a rotation of 90 ° or 180 °. The most common type is marching. The name comes from the fact that the stairs were called “flights of stairs”. Marching stairs may consist of one straight section or several connected by a turntable. Turn just happens 90 ° or 180 °. It can be performed not only by the platform, but also by a fan-shaped arrangement of steps.
Size calculation
Stair flights are the main elements of the staircase design, and their parameters are a determining factor that affects the entire functionality of the structure. The steepness, occupied area, width, height and number of steps depends on their dimensions. When designing the entire structure, the calculation of the flight of stairs begins with determining the relationship between the height of the stairs and the distance of movement along it forward. This ratio determines the angle or slope of the stairs. A slope of 30 ° is considered the best option. That is, the ratio of the height of the stairs and its horizontal projection will be 1: 2 or 1: 1.75. To calculate the height of the step (or in construction terminology you can find the term "riser height") and its width (tread width) can be using the formula
2b + a = 570 - 640mm (average step of a person)
Typically, these sizes are accepted in the range of 150 - 160 mm for the height of the step and 270 - 320 mm for its width. It is also necessary to observe the distance from any step to the ceiling or any protruding elements - at least 2 m. But it happens that the opening between floors is small, and it is not possible to make a slope. Then the steepness of the slope is increased to 45 °. This is the only way to maintain the standard of distance from the ceiling to the steps. According to building codes, flights of stairs must be at least 900 mm wide. Usually the number of steps in a flight of stairs can be from 3 to 16. If there are less than three, then this will not look like a flight of stairs, but a nut. If there are more than 16 steps, then the person will get tired on it. Two marches that are near and in the opposite direction should have a distance between them of at least 10 cm.
Fencing
Stairs are equipped with railings as fences. For any interfloor staircase , the installation of fences is required . Railings staircases are performed in the following order. On each march, wooden bars, the so-called balusters, which serve as the basis for the railing, are installed above and below. Balusters are attached using grooves or metal studs. In addition to them, supporting intermediate racks are attached through one or two steps. Balusters and intermediate racks are cut at the same angle corresponding to the staircase slope. Handrails are mounted on top.