Volumetric-spatial composition is a kind of human attempt to streamline the surrounding space in a certain way. This term is often found in architecture, painting, construction, landscape design. The spatial composition in architecture is traditionally formed by three means:
- the location of the volume in space;
- the mutual relation of proportions, symmetries, colors, scaling of the architectural volume, its parts and details;
- the inclusion in the composition and the active use of elements of landscape art, painting or sculpture.
We live in three-dimensional space, therefore any object or structure measures its length, height and width. It is the three-dimensionality that distinguishes any volumetric spatial composition; this is its main property. Therefore, for example, when working on a building project, as the main compositional task, one should determine its volume using different observation points.
If one of the indicator values ββprevails in the composition, then it gives the composition a corresponding characteristic feature. For example, if the building is high-rise, in its parameters and characteristics the height prevails. If extended - then there is a predominance of length. If the building is flat, the width parameter prevailed here.
Volumetric spatial composition, depending on the parameters, is classified according to signs of frontality, spatiality and volume.
Types of Songs
- Frontal or frontal-plane is considered to be such a composition, which is designed to be seen from one particular side and perceived by static points of view. This type - the facade of the building, the central view of the house from the street, the design of individual walls of the building. With a frontal composition, all its main elements are located for spectator perception in two planes - width and height. The depth here does not play a special role and is of secondary importance. But important are the ratio of width and height, shape, silhouette of the building, vertical slope, window openings. The frontal composition is revealed through a variety of expressive elements: various types of articulation (protrusions, dividing the wall into squares and other geometric shapes), the connection of straight and curved surfaces, color inserts, etc.
- Volumetric composition - it is intended for viewing from all sides and is perceived if you move around it. For example, an old castle or a small compact house on a separate site, a gazebo or a fountain. These structures are an example of volumetric compositions, as width, height and depth here are of equal importance. When designing, the main task of architects is to identify compositional three-dimensionality. To do this, the volume is divided into some parts, which are emphasized by any details: shifted forms, recesses, etc .; comparable surfaces, contrasting in appearance - beveled, rectangular, etc .; matching colors and textures.
- The composition is deep spatial. It is typical for her to create such forms that give viewers a sense of the depth of an architectural structure. Such a composite type is formed either by a space closed on top and on all sides (for example, the interior), or a space that is limited on one side or on several (exterior). A typical deep-spatial exterior composition is a courtyard fenced on several sides by a fence.
- Volumetric spatial composition is not only external but also internal space. Its varieties differ: hall, connected, cell, enfilade, corridor. Each has its own distinctive features and scope.
In architectural practice, a combination of several compositions is traditionally used, as a result of which a mixed system is formed.