Have you heard of such a mushroom as a cobweb? And he turns out to be deadly poisonous! You will find detailed information in the article.
Beautiful cobweb - deadly poisonous mushroom
A photo of the fungus in question is presented to your attention in the article. Beautiful Spider Web (reddish) - is a poisonous fungus of the genus Spider Web, the Spider Web family. In the people it is also called a bog. They can not be eaten either raw or cooked, because the toxins contained in them provoke the development of renal failure. This genus consists of at least 40 species. Some are considered poisonous, some are edible, and some are conditionally edible. In appearance, such mushrooms are quite similar, so they are often confused. This suggests that it is better not to collect them without proper knowledge of the cobwebs and the mushrooms in general. And in order to decide to use such a mushroom for food, you need to be 100% sure what kind of spider web you found.
Until the 1950s, it was believed that these mushrooms can be eaten. And only as a result of the large number of incidents of poisoning recorded by the cobweb orange-red, and later the most beautiful cobweb, recorded in 1957, it was decided to classify these mushrooms as deadly poisonous. It is these two species that are the most toxic.
Appearance
The width of the hat varies from 4 to 9 cm, begins from a conical shape, flowing into a flat prostrate, with a tubercle in the center. The outer layer is dry, matte with a velvety and fibrous structure. Color - reddish-orange or reddish-brown, the central part is darker. Upon contact with water does not increase in size.
Plates are planted infrequently, they are wide, thick. At first, the color corresponds to the hat, then changes to reddish-brown. In young mushrooms, a cobweb-like cover of yellow ocher color can be seen.
The leg is cylindrical, increasing or tapering at the base, while its length is 60-100 mm, and the thickness is 4-10 mm. On the fibrous coating, curved bands of a slightly yellow hue can be found.
The pulp has a light orange or tan with a bad smell.
Trace from spores reddish brown. Their sizes are 8-8.5 microns, their shape is wide elliptical or almost spherical, with a warty outer layer. Cheilocystids practically do not occur.
Where grows
The most beautiful cobweb is a deadly poisonous mushroom that is found in Europe in numerous regions. In our areas, they grow in the central regions, as well as in the northern part. You can see such mushrooms in the highlands, on the hillsides. They are quite rare.
How to grow
Most of all, such a mushroom grows in oak, as well as old coniferous forests, where light sandy soil is common. Raw spruce forests with green sphagnum mosses are also favorable for growth.
Poisonous spores can be dispersed to other areas through airflow and tactile contact. Forms mycorrhiza with spruce.
Fruits in July, until the formation of the first frost on the soil. Near the most beautiful cobweb clusters, other species of fungi of this genus can be found.
Beautiful cobweb - deadly poisonous mushroom: species
Up to 40 species of fungi of this genus can be found in our territories, and only 2 of them are edible. Some of them are so dangerous that they are equated with panther fly agaric. The vast majority of fungi are simply inedible.
Only specialists can find the difference among all these species, which suggests that it is better to bypass them.
Similar species
Mountain spider web is another poisonous mushroom, the use of which can be fatal. The width of his hat is 30-80 mm, at first it is convex, and when the mushroom grows old, its shape becomes flat, in the central part there is a flat tubercle. The outer layer is dry. Color varies from yellow-brown to reddish-brown. The height of the leg is 40-90 mm, and its width is 10-20 mm. At the bottom, it is already. The surface of the cap and legs is fibrous.
Edible cobwebs - a type of mushroom that can be eaten. His second name is bbw. Its 50-80 mm hat has a dense fleshy structure with edges turned to the ground. Over the course of the life cycle, it takes on a flat, slightly depressed, shape. Its color is grayish-white, and the surface is wet. The leg has a height of 20-30 mm and a width of 15-20 mm, it is dense, without bending.
Mucus cobweb is a conditionally edible fungus. It should not be confused with the cobweb mucosa. The hat has a diameter of 100-120 mm. At first, it has a bell-shaped shape, which eventually becomes flat with a curved edge. The color of the hat varies between yellowish, brown and brown. The whole mushroom is covered with mucus. The foot reaches 200 mm in length, it resembles a spindle. Its color is white, found with a bluish tint. On the leg you can find particles in the form of lumps and rings.
There is another similar deadly poisonous species - the cobweb is brilliant. It is quite rare. It is very easy to recognize by its bright yellow hat, covered with mucus. It is found in coniferous forests.
The most beautiful cobweb (a deadly poisonous mushroom, similar species of which were presented to your attention above) can also be confused with some edible mushrooms. This is a crimson hygrophor, a camphor lactifer and a type of honey agaric - armillaria glubnyeva. The main difference between the poisonous mushroom and the mushroom is the presence of ocherous belts and red plates on its stem - they are white or light yellow on the mushroom.
Classification
What else is known about such a mushroom as the most beautiful cobweb? Deadly poisonous mushroom, the classification of which includes the following basic data:
- Advocacy - Eukaryotes.
- Kingdom - Mushrooms.
- Subdomain - Higher mushrooms.
- Division - Basidiomycetes.
- Branch - Agarikomikotina.
- Class - Agaricomycetes.
- Subclass - Agaric.
- Family - Spider Web.
- Genus - Spider Web.
- Subgenus - Leprocybe.
- View - The cobweb is beautiful.
- Worldwide scientific name: Cortinarius rubellus Cooke.
Toxic substances
The most beautiful cobweb is a rare deadly poisonous mushroom that contains a very strong toxin, a complex polypeptide - orrellanin. It does not lose its toxic qualities after treatment with high temperatures, placing it in a different acidic environment and drying. Toxicity is greatly reduced only under the influence of ultraviolet and solar radiation. This fungus contains 7.5 mg of orellanine for every 1 g of dried mushrooms.
Experts believe that in addition to orellanine, there are an additional 2 polypeptides in the mushrooms - cortinarin A and B, which determine the totality of manifestations in the form of patient complaints. The joint presence of these 3 components was detected only in 2 species of fungi of this family: the cobweb of the most beautiful (reddish) and orange-red.
The main symptoms and how quickly they appear
Thanks to a large number of studies, it has been determined that the main organ that affects the arellanin is the kidneys. Due to its combined effect with metabolites, free radicals appear in the cells of the kidney epithelium, cell membranes are destroyed, alkaline phosphatase and protein production are suppressed, as well as damage to the structure of RNA and DNA.
Even an insignificant amount of product can cause harm to the body. 40 g of freshly picked mushrooms that are eaten can lead to death. That is why, in order to save one’s life, it is recommended not to pay attention to the webs of brown-red hue, and not to collect suspicious mushrooms at all.
The clinical picture of eurellanin syndrome largely depends on personal susceptibility to the toxin. In case of poisoning by a cobweb, there are four most beautiful stages of the disease.
A special danger of poisoning with eurellanin is that the symptoms as a result of its ingestion into the body can appear only after a long time, when it is already too late, and everyone will safely forget about the use of mushrooms. There are times when symptoms appear after 7-14 days. During poisoning, the patient may experience nausea, a huge need for drinking, a feeling of dryness and burning in the oral cavity, vomiting, pain in the abdomen may occur. This condition can last from 1 to 2 weeks. If you do not seek help in a timely manner, then death is not ruled out. In special cases, when the patient's condition is very serious, the onset of death can occur even 5 months after the moment of consumption of the poisonous mushroom.
In the case of a short lethal stage, within 2-3 days, acute renal failure with a prolonged oligoanuric stage is formed. Children and the elderly suffer the most from the disease.
If nephropathy persists for quite some time, then in 30-50% of cases, it will be followed by the formation of a chronic form of renal failure.