Many citizens dream of a small beautiful house in the country. You can leave there, having escaped from the bustle of the city. In this corner you can feel the pleasant freshness of the earth under your feet. This dream can have a very real embodiment. You can build a house yourself.
Project work
Before you start working on a country house, you must choose a place for it. With proper planning, you can use each piece of your land as efficiently as possible. Even if the construction will be carried out on its own territory, it is necessary to fulfill some requirements and maintain a minimum distance. 5 m should be retreated from the street, 3 m from the neighboring site, the same as from the passage.
You should not start construction in the lowland, because water will constantly accumulate there. The highest spot on the site will be optimal. You should choose a corner in the northwestern or northern part. The country house should be built on the basis of the project.
Considering typical schemes, you can single out one thought - the undisputed favorites are single-storey buildings with an attic. This option is time tested. With such a project, you can abandon the hut, where you are used to storing equipment and other garden accessories. Now all this can be placed in the attic.
You can attach a terrace to the house. In summer, it is usually used as a dining room. If the country house is two-story, you can place an attic on top. The living room and kitchen are usually located on the first floor, and the second floor becomes the space of the owners. There you can arrange a bedroom.
It is recommended to save on the heating system. The installation of a classic boiler, radiators and pipes takes about 20% of the total budget. If you want to build a country house where you will live only in the summer season, then for heating in bad weather you can do with infrared or electric heaters.
Prefabricated houses have become quite popular recently. Outwardly, they look like uniform parallelepipeds with a roof, but inside they can have an improved layout and even two floors. If you decide to resort to such an idea, you will acquire a kind of building constructor that will allow you to assemble a house, having only basic knowledge about construction. The main requirement that is imposed during the construction of such houses is communications, namely:
- water pipes;
- conditioning;
- ventilation;
- wiring.
The collapsible house can be used for a long rest, and the building can be equipped with a kitchen, technical rooms, a bathroom and rest rooms. If you want to build a summer house with your own hands, a photo of such buildings should definitely be considered. Looking inside you will see:
- hinged shelves;
- water heaters;
- necessary plumbing;
- shower stall.
Foundation construction
It is necessary to start building a house by choosing the type of foundation. This question is related to the material from which the walls will rise. It is important to take into account the number of storeys. Light houses can be erected on screw or columnar bases. As for heavy buildings, as well as two-story houses, they require strip foundations along the perimeter of the building and under load-bearing walls. Light houses mean frame buildings, buildings made of logs, as well as modular structures.
Heavy country houses are those built from:
- concrete blocks;
- stone;
- aerated concrete;
- a brick.
It is important to take into account the depth of freezing of the soil. The foundation should be laid below this level, given the line of groundwater. In the basement, a waterproofing device is required. It is laid down, departing from the ground 0.5 m. If the soil is sufficiently dry, for example, represented by sand, then as a screed you can use a cement-sand mixture, which is poured with a layer of 2 to 4 cm.
For moist soil on top of the screed, laying of roofing material is required. It is covered in two layers. As an option, the following technology is used: roofing material is glued onto a dry screed using hot mastic. The waterproofing is located below the level of laying the floor beams.
Having examined the photos of country houses, you can also highlight for yourself those options that have a basement. In this case, it is important to provide ventilation of the underground space. To do this, small holes are made, covered with a protective mesh. Around the base should be formed 70 cm blind area, which should protrude beyond the eaves overhang. This part of the building should have a slight slope, which is directed from the walls of the house.
To do this, you first need to remove the topsoil, pour clay on top. The next layer will be crushed stone, you can replace it with a brick fight or gravel. The blind area is poured with concrete or rolled up with asphalt.
Floor work
The country house will have a flooring, work on which begins with laying the log. To insulate this part between the lags, a heater is laid, on top of which a vapor barrier is located. It is fixed to the lags with a stapler, and the joints are glued with tape.
Then you can proceed with the installation of the rough floor. For this, an unedged board is used, which is pre-processed from decay and dampness. Then the finishing floor is covered. In a two-story building, the floor beams on the second floor will be the ceiling beams of the first.
Walling
Having examined the photos of country houses, you will notice that each of them has walls made of one or another material. For a garden building, the best solution is a frame structure. For her, a rigid frame is assembled, which consists of a draft beam. It is laid around the perimeter, and poles are fixed in the corners of the house, which are rigidly fixed.
Skeleton formation
Installation of the frame is carried out using bars. It is sheathed with plywood, and a heater is placed inside. A country house made of timber will be an excellent solution. For this you can use glued or profiled material. It is cheap, does not require large-scale facing work, in addition, in the construction of such walls an excellent microclimate is formed. But you must be prepared for some difficulties in the construction, which cannot be said about the frame house.
The most durable buildings are brick, made of concrete blocks, aerated concrete or stone. Such construction is the most costly, requires the involvement of additional workers, sometimes qualified.
Roof device
The construction of country houses, like any other buildings, is accompanied by the installation of a roof. It can be single or double. The design consists of rafters, on which the flooring and lathing are located. Rafter legs should be cut into the wall, or rather into the upper harness. Support can also be carried out on a Mauerlat, which fits along the perimeter of the wall.
The crate from the boards is mounted on the rafters. It can be nailed back or forth, it must be positioned parallel to the ridge. The roof of a small country house can be covered with the following materials:
- natural tiles;
- wavy slate;
- ondulin;
- profiled metal;
- soft tiles.
Kink of the roof and the ridge are covered with fittings. The final stage will be window and door blocks, after which finishing work is carried out.
The construction of a frame house
The foundation for a frame house can be any:
- tape;
- pile-screw;
- columnar.
Pile-screw base is built on loose soil or walking soil. Among the advantages of this design should be highlighted:
- quick installation;
- low cost;
- excellent bearing capacity.
If you need to install piles of impressive diameter, you will have to resort to the help of special equipment. Before this, the plot is marked. The surface under the foundation should be flat. The perimeter is outlined in the corners of the future building. The reinforcement bars are installed, which are located at the corners. The next step will be the installation of piles. At the finish stage, these elements are cut to the required level, and after the trunks are concreted.
Strapping construction
The foundation will be ready as soon as the heads are installed on the supports. And the strapping should be done from the bars. Fixing the harness to the base is carried out by fixing bolts. A board is laid on top, which should overlap the junction of the bars. The frame summer house will have a rough floor from the lag. They are installed using metal corners, which allow for fastening to the harness. Between the lags is a heater.
Frame mounting
Next, you can proceed to installing the frame. For this, a board of 100, 150 or 200 mm is used. The first are mounted corner posts. They are fixed with reinforced steel corners. After the remaining racks are attached. For this, corners are also used. On each rack jibs are installed. The fastening of the bars in the corners is carried out by the cutting method.
If you decide to build a summer house with your own hands, at the next stage you can proceed to the installation of ceiling beams. Perforated brackets can be used for this. Beams are supported by tie rods, fastening is carried out by self-tapping screws. Quite a laborious process is the installation of the roof. It is based on rafters, the length of which, like the installation step, can vary. Depending on which roofing material you decide to choose, the technology of installing the lathing is determined. Next is the counter grill and the installation of roofing material.
It is important to take care of insulation. For this, a vapor barrier film is laid on the inside of the rafters, the joints between the sheets of which are glued with double-sided tape. The space between the bars is filled with insulation plates. Above it is a diffusion membrane. If you plan to use a reinforced film, then a gap of 2 cm should be left between it and the thermal insulation.
When building a one-story summer house, you will also have to carry out a counter-lattice. For this, bars with a cross section of 25 x 30 cm are used. You can increase these parameters to 30 x 50 cm. The distance between these elements remains the same as in the case with rafters. A crate of boards or bars is installed on the counter-lattice. Fastening is carried out by galvanized nails.
Installation of roofing material starts from the bottom. You need to move up. First, the cornice is installed using self-tapping screws. The first sheet of covering material rises to the roof. They can be made of metal.
Building a house with an attic
A country house with an attic will have ceilings made of steel I-beams and rails. The ceiling is poured with a solution of cement and sand, to which slag is added. It is light in weight and ideal for ceilings. Such building materials are also cheap.
Rail installation
When pouring the ceiling, the rails must be removed by 1 m from each other. They are intertwined with steel wire or metal mesh. The attic can be wooden. For this, square bars with a side of 100 mm are inserted into the ceiling. The rafters are attached to them.
The attic can be rectangular, which will facilitate the task of erecting the frame. It will consist of wooden blocks with a section of 120 x 60 mm. These elements are based on the bars of the ceiling, and the distance between them will be 1 m.
Walling
Having laid the logs, along them you will need to draw a wooden harness. It will serve as the basis for the box where the drainage system will be attached. The frame for the attic walls is fixed to the bars. Not so long ago, nails and staples were used for this purpose, but if you have a screwdriver, then the task will be simplified.
Wood screws hold roof elements perfectly. To facilitate screwing in fasteners, holes should be prepared first. The work uses 4.2 mm screws. To ensure greater strength, overlays from the boards are installed on top of the overlapping roof parts, through which screws are flashed.
Finally
If you own a suburban area, then even in cramped conditions you can install a small house, next to which there will still be a place for planting cultivated plants. If you are used to relaxing not only with your family, but also like to call guests from time to time, then the building can be supplemented with an attic. This part of the building can also be adapted for storing equipment.