Lining for a long time remains one of the favorite finishing materials. Thanks to her, cozy, warm and original interiors are created.
What is a lining
Lining - a long planed board. It has a groove and a comb for mounting. The material is environmentally friendly, as it is made of wood. The characteristics are close to the characteristics of wood: durability, ease of installation, high-quality sound insulation.
Lining is used for finishing internal and external walls, ceiling. In addition, it can be used for the construction of terraces, gazebos, baths. Thanks to its good sound absorption, even walls in movie theaters are sheathed.
Currently, there are several types of lining:
- Normal (it is also called "euro lining") - has special grooves on its surface that are necessary for ventilation.
- American - resembles a bar made of wood. This view is mounted only in the horizontal direction. It is usually used for exterior decoration of buildings.
- Block house - imitates a round beam.
What is made of lining
The traditional material for making lining is wood. Various species are used, both coniferous and deciduous.
Among conifers, the most common is pine. Spruce is also used, but much less frequently. This is due to the fact that the spruce has a loose structure.
All types of pine lining are suitable for indoor use and external wall cladding. But in some rooms (for example, a steam room in the bathhouse), such material is not recommended. But the spruce lining is resistant to moisture and mold, so it can be used in places where moisture can enter (baths, balconies, open terraces).
From deciduous alder, ash, maple, aspen, linden are used. A little less often walnut and oak. , as well as premium wood, can be purchased online at vagonkavsem.ru. The goods are delivered in Russia in shrink film. Elite species are made from larch . Linden and alder wood never heats and does not burn the skin, regardless of air temperature. Therefore, they are often used for wall cladding in steam rooms of bathhouses and the construction of shelves there.
Recently, a lining made of other materials (for example, plastic) is also being produced. Such a building material is conventionally called a “lining” due to the presence of a “groove-comb” fastening system.
Varieties of lining
Lining is made in accordance with the standards defined by GOST and TU (technical conditions). If GOST is common to all enterprises, then TU is developed by each manufacturer independently. That is why it is difficult to divide the lining into separate types. Each manufacturer can have their own.
The quality of the finished material depends on the quality of the selected raw materials. Therefore, the basis for dividing the lining into varieties is chosen such characteristics as the presence of knots and resinous pockets, blue raw materials, existing cracks, etc. Depending on this, the following types of lining (or classes) are distinguished:
- Variety "extra" (also called "highest" or "premium").
Products of various grades are made using the same technology. Their division occurs already after sorting, since the types of lining differ only in existing external defects.
Extra grade
Such lining (grade "extra") is characterized by the complete absence of any defects. There are no knots, no cracks, no chips on it. Most often, this variety is made by splicing. This is due to the fact that it is very difficult to make perfect boards from a single piece of wood. Their number is very small. This variety is considered to be elite, it is used to decorate the interiors of rich country houses.
Accordingly, just such a lining - the highest grade, has the highest price. To preserve it, manufacturers often pack it in a vacuum. Thus, they reduce the likelihood of damage to the product (chips, deformations) during transportation and storage. The kit usually includes special fasteners for installation. The lining of the premium class does not need to be fitted, it is perfectly fixed. During installation, care must be taken not to damage the surface of the material, which is coated with a protective varnish. Lacquer coating further emphasizes the beauty of wood.
When buying, you must be careful. Visually inspect material to prevent fraud. Do not trust only the inscriptions on the label. There are times when ideal boards are on top of the package and lower quality ones are on the bottom. Sellers who are confident in the quality of the material will not obstruct inspection.
First grade
With an extra-class lining, the characteristics of a class A lining are comparable. Grade 1 in some manufacturers is often better than the highest in others. This is due to differences in the requirements of technical conditions during production. Therefore, in such situations, you need to focus on the appearance of the material.
Differences of the first grade of lining are in the absence of falling knots and through cracks. Small and necessarily not through cracks occupy an insignificant part of the boards. The absence of blue, rot and black dots is also characteristic.
The knots that are on the material must be bright, healthy and not falling out. Their size does not exceed 1.5 centimeters in diameter. Drop knots should be healthy, fused and not more than 0.5 cm in diameter.
Cracks are allowed up to 9.5 cm long. They are certainly not end-to-end, not stratified, and go to the end of the board.
Defects in this class of product do not need to be hidden. It is enough to process the surface with decorative varnish (oil, wax), which emphasizes the natural lines of wood.
Larch lining (grade 1, like the highest), is perfect for interior decoration of residential premises.
Second grade
This lining (grade 2) is characterized by the presence of visible defects. There are dents, cracks, chips. But their size does not exceed 5 cm per 1 meter of running board. On the surface of the product is blue (up to 10% of the volume), knots, resins, cores. At the ends, a non-cutting is permissible, which does not interfere with installation.
Knots do not exceed two centimeters in diameter; their number is up to one per linear meter of material. If the knots are black, then their diameter should not exceed 1.5 cm. Rotten and falling knots are not allowed.
Acceptable plastic cracks extending into the end, with a length not exceeding a third of the entire length of the board. Through cracks - no more than 30 cm in length. The length of the through through cracks is not more than 15 cm with a width of up to 1 mm.
Places with blue, coloring, pitching are allowed one on a board, if their size does not exceed 10x20 cm.
Most defects are formed during the manufacturing process. Existing cracks should not be through or go to the end of the board. Possible rot up to 10% and wormhole (up to 3 per linear meter). For this grade, any defects that do not interfere during installation of the material are permissible.
Existing deficiencies are usually hidden by grouting and painting in dark colors.
This class of lining is a budget option, suitable for most of the population.
Third grade
For certain rough works and finishing of utility rooms, a lining is also used. Grade 3 is the most suitable option. Poor product quality explains the minimum cost.
During installation, a lining of this class must be customized and painted in order to hide serious surface defects. It can be falling knots, through cracks, core, remains of the crust, chips. Defects in the material occupy most of the surface.
Comparison table of lining by grades
Distinctive characteristics due to which lining varieties are distinguished are most conveniently compared using the table.
| Grade "Extra" | 1 grade | 2 grade | 3 grade |
Knots | Unacceptable | Up to 1 healthy, bright and captive knot per 1 meter | Healthy are acceptable. Not more than 1 drop-down (up to 1.5 cm in diameter) per 1 running meter | Valid |
Cracks | Unacceptable | Valid (not pass-through) | Valid (not pass-through) | Valid |
Core | 3-5% | Less than 20% | Valid | Valid |
Rot | Unacceptable | Unacceptable | Less than 10% | Valid |
Tar pockets | Unacceptable | Less than 5 cm | Valid | Valid |
Wormholes | Unacceptable | Unacceptable | Less than 10% | Valid |
Price differences varieties of lining
Differences in the quality of the material and the presence of defects leads to differences in the prices of lining. Identical boards may vary in value. This may be due to the way the material was dried. A board that has dried in the usual way has natural moisture, it is heavier, but almost half cheaper. Material that has been dried in the chamber (it is lighter) is more expensive.
So, a class A pine lining, dried in a chamber, costs about 200-450 rubles per 1 m 2 , and naturally dried up - 130-300 rubles. Dry material from pine grades B and C will cost 180-350 and 140-250 rubles per 1 m 2, respectively.
The price of larch lining is approximately the same (per square meter):
- Top grade - 1200 rubles and above.
- First grade - 550-900 rubles.
- The second grade - 400-750 rubles.
- Third grade - 330-600 rubles.
Lining, regardless of grade, is a beautiful and environmentally friendly material that is easy to use in work. But choosing the necessary material in the store, you should be careful. It is better to spend a little time checking the products purchased, whether it matches the declared grade. Otherwise, you can make a mistake. This will affect the aesthetic features of the room, which will not look exactly as planned.