The laying of furnaces is a laborious and, most importantly, a responsible process. If at any stage mistakes are made, then the results of such work may turn out to be disastrous. Therefore, you should know the basic rules for masonry furnaces. If they are observed, then the constructed structure will become a reliable source of heat for a long time.
Project
Any construction should begin with preparatory work. This requirement is fully true for the construction of such a structure as a
Russian stove. Its laying should be carried out according to a certain scheme. At the same time, the project should be chosen such that all parts of the future furnace are heated evenly during the furnace. If this condition is met, the masonry will not crack.
Foundation
The base for the construction of furnaces must be made reinforced concrete. Although it is allowed to use columnar foundations, provided that the overlapping with wooden blocks 150x150 is made. In height, the base for laying stoves does not reach the level of the finishing floor by about 2 bricks. Next, you need to lay a layer of waterproofing. And most importantly, in no case can the foundations of the stove and the building be connected, since they can walk among themselves, which will lead to not the most pleasant consequences. This can manifest itself in the appearance of cracks and even the destruction of masonry. If it is not possible to equip a full-fledged base, then the furnace can be built on a reinforced concrete slab of the lower floor. But this is only as a last resort.
Material
Brick for laying stoves should choose brand M200 solid red. It must be of the correct geometry, without cracks. You should also pay close attention to the variation in the size of the bricks. It should be minimal.
Solution
Brick masonry is carried out using building mixtures. The solution is prepared from clay and sand. Cement in such mixtures should not be! It is important. Clay and sand are kneaded in a ratio of 1: 2 or 1: 3, respectively. The ratio of the components of the solution is selected based on the clay content. Sand before adding must be sifted through the grid, removing from its composition all the large elements. The solution should be mixed so thoroughly that as a result a homogeneous creamy mass is obtained.
Masonry
When performing installation work, the following rules must be strictly observed:
- it is necessary to perform dressing of seams on 1/2 a brick;
- you should strictly monitor the verticality of all corners using a plumb line or a building level;
- the thickness of the seams should not exceed 5mm;
- it is not recommended to perform work at temperatures below 0;
- All seams should be completely filled with mortar.
Doors
It is known that metal with strong heating tends to expand. This fact should be considered when erecting such structures. If the metal doors come in close contact with the brick, this can lead to destruction of the furnace. To avoid this, a small gap should be left between the frame and the masonry. An
asbestos cord soaked in a clay solution should be laid in the formed gap
.Lining
This name refers to the special finish of the interior of the furnace. They make it to protect the surface from possible physical and mechanical damage. From the point of view of masonry furnaces, the lining is an additional brick row. They make it without dressing with the main structure. This is due to the fact that subsequently the furnace will be easier to repair by replacing a worn lining layer.