Codes are the majority of the fundamental legislative acts of the Russian Federation, which have been systematized, compiled and combined by field of knowledge in collections. For example, the taxation conditions for individuals and legal entities are contained in the Tax Code, and the procedure for receiving vacation pay is in the Labor Code and so on.
History of the concept
In the dictionary of Efron and Brockhaus, the meaning of the word “code” is “a systematic code (collection) of laws published by state authorities and referring to some combination or unit of law”. Derived from the Latin expression codex (caudex), which had many meanings, such as, for example:
- tree trunk;
- a block of wood or a block that was supplied to the feet of an arrested criminal shackled;
- logs underlying the transport ferry or floating bridge;
- wooden planks fastened together, covered with wax and intended for writing (pictured above).
As a derivative of the fourth meaning, the definition of "codicess accepti ac depenci" appeared, which meant "cash books" in ancient Rome. Initially, the word acquired its true meaning as a code of laws after the publication of the imperial constitutions by Gregorian, and then in the 16th century the list of ordinances (orders) compiled by Brisonius, which was called the Code of the French King Henry III. Since the end of the XVIII century, the word in the meaning of "collection of laws" has become popular and common.
The first examples of judges in Ancient Russia were: the chronicle collection of laws "Russian Truth" (1019-1054), published in the XI century during the reign of Yaroslav the Wise and the judge of 1497 from Ivan III. And the first prototype of modern codes of laws - published in 1912, "7 principles of doing business in Russia."
Definition of a concept
According to the dictionary of legal terms, the code (from lat. "Collection of laws") is a consolidated act of laws that combines and systematizes (codifies) legal norms, as well as regulates homogeneous social relations. This definition is slightly modified and supplemented in financial, economic and other dictionaries. But the basic meaning of the concept, enshrined in Dahl's explanatory dictionary, remains unchanged: the code (from the Latin. "Book of the lawyer") is a judicial officer, a set of laws.
Types of codes of the Russian Federation
In modern Russian law, there are more than twenty regularly changing and supplementing codes. RF codes in alphabetical order are as follows.
| Number p / p | Code Name | Conditional Abbreviations | Effective Year | Short description |
| 1. | Administrative | Administrative Code of the Russian Federation | 2001 | It contains a list of possible administrative offenses and measures to prevent them. |
| 2. | Arbitration Procedure | APK RF | 2002 | Establishes and regulates procedures for the consideration and conduct of court cases in the field of arbitration proceedings |
| 3. | Budgetary | BC RF | 1998 | This is a legislative act regulating the budget system of the Russian Federation and the process of budgeting at all levels of government |
| 4. | Water | VK RF | 2006 | Dedicated to the protection and rational use of water resources of the Russian Federation |
| 5. | Air | WZK RF | 1997 | Controls activities in the aviation industry and the use of airspace of the Russian Federation |
| 6. | Urban planning | of the Russian Federation | 2004 | Establishes the rules and procedure for the development of territories of settlements and cities, their planning before reconstruction and construction |
| 7. | Civil | Civil Code of the Russian Federation | I (1994), II (1996), III (2001), IV (2006) | Regulates all issues in the field of civil law relations of legal entities and individuals |
| 8. | Civil Procedure | Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation | 2002 | Establishes the rules and principles of civil proceedings |
| 9. | Housing | LCD RF | 2004 | Manages issues in the field of residential and non-residential real estate, supervises the creation and development of HOAs, Housing Companies, Housing and Public Utilities |
| 10. | Land | RF RF | 2001 | Regulates the use and protection of land, property rights to land and land |
| eleven. | K. Administrative proceedings | CAS RF | 2015 | Head of administrative proceedings |
| 12. | K. Inland Water Transport | KVVT RF | 2018 | Manages the relations of shipping entities on inland waterways throughout Russia |
| thirteen. | K. merchant shipping | KTM of the Russian Federation | 2018 | Establishes rules for the use of ships for the transport of passengers and goods, research and fishing in the sea waters of the Russian Federation |
| 14. | Forest | LC RF | 2006 | Regulates relations in the use of the country's forest resources |
| fifteen. | Tax | Tax Code | I (1998), II (2000) | Defines the tax system of Russia and regulates the collection of taxes and fees throughout the country |
| 16. | Family | SK RF | 1995 | Regulates family matters |
| 17. | Customs Code of the Eurasian Economic Union | TC EAEU | 2009 - "2015 -" 2018 | It establishes the conditions and procedure for the movement of goods across the border of the Customs Union, determines the sequence of actions during customs operations |
| 18. | Labor | Labor Code of the Russian Federation | 2001 | Regulates the entire range of relations between the employer and his employees |
| 19. | Criminally Executive | PEC of the Russian Federation | 1997 - »2017 | Manages the relationship between the subjects of criminal law in the process of implementing measures of a criminal law nature, as well as all types of criminal punishments |
| 20. | Criminal procedure | Code of Criminal Procedure | 2001 - »2018 | Establishes the procedure for conducting the investigative process and the consideration of criminal offenses in court |
| 21. | Criminal | Criminal Code | 1996 - »2018 | The source of criminal law that defines criminal acts and the measure of punishment for their commission. |
Codes are a fundamental component of any legal state. Therefore, they are annually reviewed, supplemented and modified. Some articles lose their power, others, on the contrary, are included in these codes.