Today, there are many materials that effectively retain heat indoors. They differ in different characteristics. To choose the best option, you need to understand the features of each type of thermal insulation. This will help sort out the advice of specialists. What types of insulation for walls inside are in demand today, as well as their features will be discussed in detail below.
Features of internal insulation
Insulation for the home inside has a certain set of qualities. Unlike external thermal insulation, in this case only environmentally friendly materials will be required. They should not emit harmful substances into the environment, including when the temperature rises.
Experts say that external insulation is much more effective than internal thermal insulation. However, in some cases, it becomes almost impossible to carry out such work. The cost of creating an exterior finish can be high. It will be necessary to hire specialists who will perform similar work. This is especially true of insulation in apartment buildings. Only a specially trained master can work at height.
In some houses, the apartment is located so that it becomes almost impossible to carry out external insulation. An air duct or emergency staircase may pass near an external wall. It is also worth considering that the appearance of some old houses can not be changed. The authorities issue laws that do not allow for external insulation in such buildings. It can be monuments of architecture, culture or history. Their appearance should remain unchanged.
However, when warming the house from the inside, the owners face a number of difficulties. Knowing the features of such work, significant errors can be avoided. If you mount a thick layer of insulation indoors, the room area will noticeably decrease. In the room you need to move away from the walls or take out all the furniture. Therefore, during the repair process, the room cannot be operated. In the room you will need to install additional ventilation and conduct a series of measures that will reduce the likelihood of condensation.
How to choose a material?
Today, for insulation of the house, various roll insulation for walls from the inside is used, as well as materials in the format of plates. They differ in thickness, density and other important characteristics. When choosing a material, you need to take into account the thickness of the wall, as well as the climate. You will also need to consider what material the walls of the house are made of.
So, the insulation for the walls of a wooden house inside will slightly differ in their characteristics from the thermal insulation that is used in a brick building. When choosing, the thermal conductivity index of the material is primarily taken into account . The lower this indicator, the smaller the insulation layer you will need to mount in the room. This indicator is directly related to such a characteristic as hygroscopicity.
One important indicator is the density of the material. For the insulation of vertical structures, they acquire thermal insulation with high density. It should not be deformed by gravity. Otherwise, the soft insulation just slides down.
Be sure to pay attention to the level of hygroscopicity. If the material is able to absorb moisture, at a certain point it will not be able to fulfill the functions assigned to it. Therefore, for such heaters it is important to use a layer of hydro- and vapor barrier.
Security
One of the important indicators when choosing a thermal insulation is its safety. It should not burn and emit harmful substances into the environment. Particularly high demands are placed on the insulation for the walls of a wooden house inside.
In this case, varieties such as extruded polystyrene foam or polystyrene are not suitable. These are materials that can burn. At the same time, they release harmful substances into the environment, which kill faster than fire.
Varieties of materials and their cost
The cost of a material is not the last factor when choosing a insulation. It is worth considering that today many materials are used for internal insulation. The most popular of these are the following varieties.
Often installers make mineral wool insulation. It is sold in rolls or slabs. The second option is preferable, since the density and hardness of this material is higher. The average cost of this insulation is 150-160 rubles / m². The cost of this material varies significantly depending on the manufacturer, the type of fiber and other characteristics.
Ecowool is much cheaper. Its price is about 35-50 rubles / kg. However, it is worth noting that this material is soft. During installation, you will need to lay it very tightly. Therefore, the flow rate will be higher than that of basalt fiber boards.
One of the most common and affordable materials for customers is foam. It costs about 3-3.5 thousand rubles / m³. The cost depends on the strength class and thickness of the panel. Extruded polystyrene foam (EPP) is much more popular today. It surpasses polystyrene in almost all respects. The price of extruded polystyrene foam (50 mm) is 5-5.5 thousand rubles / m³. This material is strong enough to be used not only for wall insulation, but also for the floor.
Since the price of extruded polystyrene foam (50 mm) is acceptable for many categories of customers, it is often purchased. However, it is far from always permissible to install such material.
Sometimes the owners of a house or apartment decide to perform insulation from polyurethane foam. This material has a lot of positive qualities. However, its cost will be quite high. It is 200-300 rubles / kg. In this case, you need to consider the additional costs of paying for the work of a specialist. Perform all the actions yourself will not work. You will need to purchase or rent expensive equipment.
Foil insulation is relatively inexpensive. Their price depends on the type of base. The cost of thermal insulation, which is made of foamed polyethylene, is 40-45 rubles / m². At the same time, the price of foil insulation based on foamed rubber can reach 140-145 rubles / m² or even more. The cost depends on the thickness of the material.
Styrofoam
Warming from polyurethane foam and polystyrene is very popular today. This leads to an acceptable cost of such materials. However, before buying, it is worth considering both the positive and negative sides of the foam.
The advantage of this type of insulation is its reasonable cost. If you compare the foam with other types of heat-insulating materials, then the repair when using it will be much cheaper.
At the same time, the level of thermal conductivity is low. This material perfectly copes with the tasks assigned to it. Heat remains indoors during the cold season. However, it is very important to correctly mount and calculate the thickness of the foam. Almost everyone can install it. It does not take much time and does not require special skills. The master should only follow generally accepted instructions.
Thermal insulation made of this material will be used for a long time. The material does not absorb water at all. Because of this, its destruction rate will be very low. However, it is worth considering that polystyrene is far from the best option for insulation. It is a combustible material that releases toxic substances into the air. It can not be used when decorating a wooden house.
The plates are quite fragile. If handled carelessly, they may break. Rodents easily spoil this material. They create tunnels in it, which significantly reduces the thermal insulation characteristics.
The material is absolutely vapor tight. As a result, it will be necessary to equip a forced ventilation system. Otherwise, the appearance of the fungus on the walls will be inevitable.
Extruded Styrofoam
Thermal insulation from PPU is considered a more acceptable option. Extruded polystyrene foam has improved performance compared to expanded polystyrene. These two materials are made from the same polymer. However, its processing is different. The result is materials with different densities, thermal insulation qualities.
The thermal conductivity of polystyrene foam is significantly lower than that of polystyrene. Therefore, it is used when warming not only walls, but also roofs, floors. The combustibility index of this material is lower.
Also expanded polystyrene is much stronger. It has a low rate of water absorption. In this case, even hydro- or vapor barrier may not be required. This material does not absorb water, does not let steam through. This makes it durable. However, this is also a disadvantage. Indoors, you will also need to do good ventilation.
Mounting the material is quite simple. How to fix the insulation to the wall from the inside, the standard installation instructions will tell you. To do this, use special glue. Sheets do not deform, do not break, like polystyrene foam. This is a reliable, durable insulation.
The thickness of the polystyrene foam will be less than that of the foam with a similar level of thermal conductivity. Therefore, this material takes up much less floor space in the room. With internal insulation, this is a significant advantage.
Compared to polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam has fewer disadvantages. However, they are still available. The lack of vapor permeability is a significant drawback. Flammability of the material is significantly reduced. However, it is still capable of igniting. In this case, harmful substances are released into the air. The cost of extruded polystyrene is an order of magnitude higher than that of expanded polystyrene. This fact can also be attributed to the shortcomings of the material.
Extruded polystyrene foam is also not installed in wooden houses. It does not comply with fire safety requirements.
Mineral wool
Mineral wool for wall insulation inside the house is an excellent alternative to polystyrene and polystyrene foam. It is an environmentally friendly material. It is made from natural ingredients. The cost of materials of this type, which are used for internal insulation, depends on the density of the structure.
Mineral wool is available in rolls and slabs. They can be of different sizes. The width of the roll or plates is selected in accordance with the dimensions of the room. The sizes of mineral wool insulation can be different. The thickness of the material can reach 20 cm. It is better to acquire very dense, but relatively thin insulation. Otherwise, the area of the room will be significantly reduced.
Mineral wool has many advantages. This is non-combustible material, therefore, its scope is wide. In a fire, cotton wool smolders without emitting any harmful substances into the air. Also, it does not emit any smoke. The material simply fades out gradually.
Mineral wool is characterized by high vapor permeability. This avoids the appearance of fungus. At the same time, the thermal insulation characteristics of the material are at their best. Insects, rodents do not spoil the structure of this thermal insulation. The insulation also performs the function of soundproofing.
The disadvantage of mineral wool is its ability to absorb moisture. Therefore, during installation, hydro- and vapor barrier must be used. Otherwise, the material will become wet and conduct heat. This increases repair costs. It is also worth considering that when installing soft roll materials, they shrink over time. Therefore, it is better to purchase mineral wool in the plates.
Ecowool
Eco-friendly insulation for walls inside the house today is very popular. One of these materials is ecowool. This material consists of natural fibers. To improve its performance, the insulation is impregnated with an antiseptic.
Ecowool installation is carried out in two ways. In the first case, it is installed on the surface in a dry form. The second method involves the use of water, as well as special glue in the installation process.
This material has appeared on the construction market relatively recently. It is in demand due to its positive qualities. Its consumption during installation is small. At the same time, the insulation also performs the function of soundproofing.
Ecowool does not emit harmful substances into the environment. It does not cause an allergic reaction. This material is used not only inside but also outside. She holds well on the walls. With proper installation, the material will not cause severe shrinkage.
Almost all types of wall insulation from the inside have certain disadvantages. This also applies to ecowool. If during installation the material is not packed tight enough, it will shrink over time. At the same time, its thermal insulation characteristics will decrease. The stock of material during installation is 25%.
Another disadvantage is the ability of the insulation to accumulate moisture. It will be necessary to install layers of vapor and waterproofing. For the walls create an additional frame. To qualitatively fill it with material, special equipment is used. It is also worth considering that this material is subject to fire. Mounting ecowool according to the dry method, you will need to work in a respirator. A lot of dust is formed. If the installation is carried out by the wet method, it will take a long time to wait until the insulation dries.
Polyurethane foam
Insulating walls with polyurethane foam from the inside is a good solution for those owners who decide to allocate enough money for repairs. This type of thermal insulation belongs to the category of the most modern materials. Polyurethane foam retains heat well. However, it does not take up much space. This is especially important for small rooms. This insulation is of high cost. However, such installation pays off due to the absence of heat loss in winter. Payment of energy bills will be minimal.
Polyurethane foam is sprayed using special equipment on the surface of the walls. Liquid mass escapes from the cylinder under pressure. Reacting with air, it turns into a foam mass. It fits snugly to the base. Using this material, you can insulate almost any surface, including walls with a slope. After this treatment, a layer of monolithic insulation is formed. It lacks bridges of cold.
When using this type of insulation, vapor barrier is not required. The material is very tight against the wall. Moisture cannot penetrate through it. Condensation will not appear on the back of the trim. Do-it-yourself polyurethane foam insulation is quite difficult to do. To do this, you will need to rent special equipment. More often turn to professionals for help. They will do the job quickly, correctly and efficiently.
Foil insulation
Insulating walls with foil insulation from the inside is a good option, since the thickness of the roll is only a few millimeters. Almost everyone can mount such a material on the surface. This material consists of a base and a layer of foil. The top layer reflects the infrared rays of the spectrum, directing them back into the room. The substrate does not let heat from the room out.
Today on sale are many types of insulation for walls from the inside. It is important to choose the right base material. It may be foamed polyethylene. He is not able to provide quality insulation in the room. This is an additional heater, which is most often mounted on a battery. This allows her to reflect heat back to the room.
Also on sale are materials based on foamed rubber. This material can replace polystyrene foam. This is a high-quality insulation that can be used for interior decoration. Rolls have different thicknesses. They can be from 5 mm to 1.5 cm thick. The thicker the substrate, the better the material prevents heat loss in the room. Modern types of insulation for walls from the inside allow you to install materials yourself.