Until recently, mostly one-story houses were erected in suburban areas. However, recently, many began to build more spacious and comfortable dachas. Houses on plots today can have two or more floors. And of course, in such buildings conveniently installed convenient stairs. In a private house, such designs are assembled from a variety of materials. At the same time, staircases can differ in the form of steps, sizes, angle of inclination, etc.
What are they collected from?
Such designs can be made in private homes from:
- concrete;
- metal corner;
- galvanized steel pipes;
- tree.
Concrete stairs are reliable and have the longest service life. However, such structures are equipped in private homes, mainly on the street. Concrete staircases in suburban residential buildings are flooded, of course, extremely rarely.
Metal lifting structures can also last quite a while. In principle, their assembly is nothing particularly complicated. However, made using a corner of the stairs in the rooms do not look very aesthetically pleasing. This design will also be more appropriate to erect on the street.
In a private house, stairs to the second floor, made of galvanized pipes, usually look quite attractive. However, such material is, unfortunately, relatively expensive. And to make supports and railings from a galvanized pipe on their own will be problematic. Owners of private houses usually get these stairs ready-made.
In most cases, wooden lifting structures are mounted in suburban residential buildings. Such stairs are relatively inexpensive, easy to install, durable. Yes, and designs of this type look very attractive. Photos of wooden stairs in a private house are presented on this page. And the reader can clearly see that they look in most cases, in fact, very solid and aesthetically pleasing.
Design Varieties
All stairs mounted in country houses can be classified into two large categories:
- marching straight or rotary;
- screw.
The last type of lifting structures is installed in private houses, if the owners wish to save the space of internal premises. Such stairs are considered somewhat less convenient than marching. Moreover, their assembly is a technologically complicated procedure.
Most often in country houses, therefore, march constructions that are simpler to manufacture and easier to operate are installed. The main elements of such stairs are:
- supports - bowstring or kosoura;
- tread - the supporting part of the steps;
- risers - the vertical part of the steps;
- floor floors;
- handrail with handrails.
Sometimes risers are not used when installing stairs. In this case, not so solid, but also quite reliable structures with gaps are obtained. Stairs of this type in private homes can be seen quite often.
What should be the size of the stairs in a private house? Payment
Projects for interfloor lifting structures are made taking into account the following standards:
- the angle of inclination of the stairs in a residential building should not exceed 40ห;
- optimal tread depth - 290-300 mm;
- the optimal height of the risers is 15-30 cm;
- minimum march width - 90-110 cm;
- the minimum depth of the site in front of the opening at the top is 1.5 m (an open door should not go beyond it in any case);
- optimal width of the handrail - 40 mm;
- the minimum permissible height of the railing is 90 cm.
The sizes of stairs in a private house on the second floor can be different. But all the steps in the march (with the exception of the first) in any case should have exactly the same height and width. Otherwise, the design will ultimately turn out to be unsafe for movement.
Of course, the dimensions of the staircase in a private house should be such that it was convenient to use. Before starting the assembly of such a structure, it is worthwhile to make its calculation. It is especially important to choose the correct height and width of the stairs. Taking these parameters into account, in the following it is calculated, among other things, the optimal march inclination angle in one case or another. The ratio of the height and width of the steps of the stairs is determined using the following formula:
2a + b = 600 ... 640 mm, where
a - riser height, b - tread width.
What materials will be required?
As already mentioned, most often in country houses equip wooden interfloor stairs. The choice of materials for this design should, of course, be approached as responsibly as possible. To assemble for assembly in a private house a wooden staircase to the second floor, you need only high-quality edged boards with a moisture content of not more than 12%.
Use for the assembly of home lifting structures can be sawn timber of any species. Good for this purpose and cheap pine boards, and very durable and expensive oak or beech.
In addition to lumber, for the manufacture of interfloor stairs without fail, you will also need such fasteners as bolts. It is impossible to assemble such structures using self-tapping screws. Otherwise, the staircase during operation is very quickly shaken.
What tools will be needed?
To make a staircase in a private house with your own hands, in addition to the lumber itself and reliable fasteners, you will need to prepare:
- hammer and pliers;
- screwdriver;
- power saw;
- electric milling machine;
- piece of plywood for making a template.
Assembly of supports
The steps of wooden stairs to the second floor in a private house can be attached both to braids and to bowstrings. In both of these cases, a board 40-50 mm thick is used to make the supports. Bowstring can be made in two ways. In the first case:
- two boards are stacked parallel to each other on the floor;
- along the entire length of the boards, a reference line is drawn;
- on one of the boards a drawing is applied for attaching the steps;
- the image in mirror image is transferred to the second board;
- according to the marked marks, in the bowstring grooves are cut out for attaching treads and risers.
Before starting to manufacture a bowstring using this technology, you can also make a special template. In this case it will be easier to apply the drawing on the boards. And the lifting structure itself will subsequently turn out to be more accurate and durable.
The grooves in the supports of the future stairs are usually done using a milling machine. If there is no such tool in the house, a slightly different technology is used to make the bowstring. In this case, wide short bars are attached as a support under the steps to the boards. Mount these elements in this case on the bolts.
Most often, with independent production, wooden stairs in a private house are done on bowstrings. But you can, of course, assemble such a design on the kosoura as well. Such elements are made as follows:
- drawing on the boards along the contour of the steps along the entire length;
- saw off the unnecessary upper part from the boards.
The pattern for making kosour is usually also performed according to a prefabricated template.
Fastening steps to supports
These elements should be fixed on bowstrings and kosoura, of course, as reliably as possible. Otherwise, the staircase will turn out unsafe for movement. Treads and risers, before proceeding with the assembly of the stairs, should be bolted together.
The method of attaching the steps to the supports depends on the variety of the latter. For example, on bowstrings with grooves, such elements are fixed using glue. In addition, the steps in this case are bolted to the back of the support.
On the packed bars, steps are installed using usually only metal fasteners. But if desired, and in this case, it is allowed to additionally apply glue.
Steps are attached to the braces using bolts. In this case, the supporting part is the upper horizontal edge of each โtoothโ. At the same time, risers are fixed in the vertical part of the cutouts.
March mount
Do-it-yourself stairs to be installed in a private house on the second floor, assembled both on kosoura and on bowstrings, can, for example, using such technology:
- at the top of the stairs to the ends of the supports fasten a wide board;
- to the wall of the house under the doorway a beam is fixed across the width of the stairs;
- they put the ladder against the wall so that the end board nailed at the top rests on the bar;
- fasten the board to the bar with corners, and to the wall with bolts;
- another board is fixed to the ends of the bowstring or kosour from below;
- screw this element to the floor.
The advantage of this technique is, of course, primarily simplicity in execution. However, they use this technology only when assembling wooden stairs in a private house, leading, for example, to the second floor, equipped in the attic. More often, suburban residential buildings are equipped with more convenient and complex structurally lifting structures.
In this case, under the doorway, a support frame is first installed, consisting of:
Further:
- two legs of the frame and the rear strapping beam are fixed to the wall under the doorway;
- fix the top of the assembled march on the front beam of the harness of the supporting structure;
- fasten the march to the floor using the board.
On long staircases, additional supports can also be installed between the wall and the lower edge of the march. At the final stage of the assembly of lifting structures of this type, a board is planked in front of the doorway.
How to make a railing?
In the photo of the stairs in the private houses presented in the article, you can see that almost always such structures are complemented by a railing. In principle, the installation of this element is considered optional. But with the railing, the stairs still look more solid and beautiful. In addition, with a handrail, movement on marches becomes safer.
At the finished factory stairs, the railings are usually supplemented with balusters. Do-it-yourself installation of these elements can be quite difficult. Balusters are fixed on the stairs, usually using special metal studs. Using the same elements, a handrail is subsequently attached to them.
If there are no small children in the house, when making stairs with their own hands, the railing is often supplemented with balusters instead of balusters. So called elements are installed not vertically, but according to the angle of inclination of the march.
Such railings are made as follows:
- mount 4 racks 90 cm high in the corners of the upper platform in front of the doorway;
- install two more racks at the bottom of the stairs;
- stuff the required number of crossbars from the side of the flight of stairs;
- stuffing crossbars on the railing of the upper platform;
- Mount the handrail.
So that the stairs leading to the second floor in a private house on kosoura or bowstrings subsequently look neat, the heads of fasteners are recessed into the wood during the installation of the crossbars and puttyed on top with putty made from sawdust and PVA glue. In the same way, the bolts of the handrail are masked. If desired, grooves can also be made under the crossbars in the upper and lower racks of the railing of the march, and then fix these elements to glue.
How to weld a metal structure?
Sometimes the stairs to the second floor are equipped not only indoors, but also from the side of the street. In this case, it is more expedient to assemble such a structure, of course, from metal. After all, a tree on the street, most likely, will not last too long.
It is easiest to make a metal staircase in a private house with your own hands using a metal corner and a channel. The assembly technology of such a design on the kosoura is approximately as follows:
- install metal racks and weld the frame of the upper platform;
- markings are made on the wall and the channel is attached to it with the shelves outward with respect to the march;
- in the sections of the corner, cut for the manufacture of supports of the steps, make a cut and bend them at an angle of 90 ยฐ;
- weld corners to supporting channels;
- sheathe the steps and the upper platform with a board.
A photo of a staircase in a private house on the second floor, welded in a similar way, can be seen just below. Installation of this type of construction is not particularly difficult.
On bowstrings, a metal ladder will be even easier to assemble. Corners in this case do not have to bend. In this case, the channels are usually installed so that the shelves look up. Next, to the shelves located inside the future march, pieces of the corner are welded in a horizontal position so that they protrude forward. At the next stage, the steps made of the board are sewn onto the resulting supports.
After the march is ready, a railing is made using a welding machine. For this:
- welded below and above the stairs support under the handrail;
- pull the cord between the supports;
- focusing on the cord, install balusters from the rod;
- weld a handrail to supports and rods;
- collect the parapet of the upper platform.
If desired, instead of balusters on the railing of the metal stairs, you can also weld crossbars, for example, from a steel strip or corner with a not too wide shelf. Below you can see a photo of the stairs to the second floor in a private house of just such a design.
The handrail of the metal staircase at the final stage should be faced with a well-polished beam or a narrow board. This will make the operation of the lifting structure more convenient. Metal in the sun or in frost on the street, as you know, is very hot. The tree is characterized by a low degree of thermal conductivity and never cools and does not heat up too much.
Staircase
Do-it-yourself metal or wooden stairs at the final stage, the owners of country houses usually paint. Sometimes varnish or oil is also used to finish wooden elements of such structures.
In any case, for the treatment of stairs installed inside the house or outside, of course, only the highest quality paint and varnish resistant to abrasion should be used. Otherwise, the steps and rails of the lifting structure will soon have to be repaired. The loads of interfloor stairs in country houses are usually quite serious.