Currently, Russia is at a special stage of historical development. Today, the reforms of the foundations of public administration and organization are ongoing, the process of harmonizing the interests of the state, society and the individual is ongoing, new institutions, social and economic relations and relations are being formed. The country's leadership is changing approaches to national security.
At the beginning of the 21st century, events are taking place in the world that indicate the strengthening of the role of military power to ensure the economic and political interests of a number of states. This necessitated a rethinking of the whole range of issues relating to both international and national security. Particular attention is paid to the system of military organization of the Russian Federation. Let us further consider its features.
Relevance of the issue
Recently, the state military organization, which forms the basis of the defense of the Russian Federation, is actively reforming, like the whole country as a whole. Transformations are associated with fundamental changes in the geopolitical situation in the world. At present, a practically new regulatory framework is in force, due to which the functioning of the military organization of the Russian Federation is ensured. Legislators adopted the most important legal acts. Among them are federal laws:
- "On defense."
- "On martial law."
- "On military service and military duty."
- "On mobilization training."
- "On the state border."
The main task of the state military organization, which forms the basis of the defense of the Russian Federation, is to ensure guaranteed protection of the security and interests of Russia and its allies.
Key elements
The structure of the military organization of the Russian Federation is the Armed forces of Russia. They make up its core. The military organization of the Russian Federation also includes other troops, as well as military units, bodies performing tasks by military methods. The system also contains structures that manage all its links.
The basis of the military organization of the Russian Federation is scientific institutions and industrial enterprises that perform tasks to ensure military security.
Tasks
The military organization of the Russian Federation - a state emerging as a leader in the world - is constantly evolving. The most important issues requiring an operational solution are currently:
- Bringing the composition, structure, number of elements in line with the tasks of ensuring the country's security, taking into account its economic opportunities.
- Improving the efficiency, security, quality of the technological basis of the military organization of the Russian Federation and public administration.
- Improving the effectiveness of strategic planning based on the principle of the uniform use of the RF Armed Forces and other troops.
- Improving the systems of personnel training, combat and operational training used in military educational organizations of the RF Ministry of Defense.
- Improving the efficiency of picking systems. The solution to this problem should be carried out on the basis of the contract-recruiting principle with a gradual (as appropriate social and economic conditions are formed) increase in the number of citizens serving under the contract, primarily in the positions of junior commanders, as well as specialists of key military specialties.
- Improving the economic support of the military organization of the Russian Federation. It should be based on the rational use of material resources and finances.
- Improving the system of operation and repair of military equipment and weapons.
- Improving the effectiveness of information support of the RF Armed Forces, other bodies, as well as the management structures of the military organization of the Russian Federation
- Strengthening law and order in the army, law and discipline.
- Improving the legal framework for the formation, development, application of the military organization of the Russian Federation, its system of interaction with society.
- Implementation of state policy to enhance the prestige of service.
- Improving the system of military-political and military-technical international cooperation.
Leadership of the military organization of the Russian Federation
The coordination and control of the formation, training and use of the armed forces rests with the president. He is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.
The government of the country manages armaments, special equipment, materiel, services, equipping the country's territory in the interests of defense and security, and implements other functions enshrined in law.
In the Russian Federation, the military organization of the state is carried out at all levels. Federal, regional, local authorities exercise authority to resolve issues related to defense in the manner prescribed by federal laws.
Various institutions, enterprises, public associations participate in ensuring military security. A special role in solving problems related to the defense of the state belongs to the citizens of the country. The organization of the military service of the Russian Federation is based on contract and draft principles. According to the law, conscription service in the armed forces is a civil duty.
Military doctrine
It was approved in 2000. The military doctrine establishes a set of official approaches to solving military-political, military-economic and military-strategic tasks. This document was approved during the transition period - at the stage of the establishment of a democratic state and the construction of the military organization of the Russian Federation.
The doctrine concretizes certain provisions of the National Security Concept of Russia. The document was compiled on the basis of a comprehensive assessment of the military-political conditions in the world, a strategic forecast for their development, scientifically based determination of current and upcoming goals, objective needs and capabilities to ensure defense capabilities, analysis of the nature and content of modern wars and military conflicts, foreign and domestic experience in organizing military service .
The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation is a key agency implementing state policy in the field of military affairs. The doctrine is a defensive document, which is predetermined by a combination of provisions indicating a commitment to peace, a firm determination to uphold national interests, and ensure the military security of the country and its allies.
The normative basis of the document is constituted by the Constitution, federal legislation and other, including international, legal acts.
Key provisions of state policy in the field of defense
The country's leadership is considering ensuring security, building a powerful military organization of the Russian Ministry of Defense in the context of the formation of a democratic legal regime, the implementation of the necessary social and economic transformations, the adoption of the principles of mutually beneficial partnership, and equal cooperation in international relations. Russia stands for the active and consistent creation of a comprehensive security system and the preservation of peace on the planet.
The country's defense and security is ensured by the forces and means at its disposal. One of the key elements of the military organization of the Russian Federation is the nuclear safety system. Russia reserves the right to use nuclear weapons in response to the use by other countries of weapons of mass destruction against it or its allies. It should be said about the most important principles enshrined in the Doctrine. The Russian Federation will not use nuclear weapons against countries that are parties to the NPT or do not possess such weapons. The exception is cases of aggression against Russia, its allies or states, relations with which are secured by mutual security obligations.
Military service
This concept is disclosed in Article 6 of the Federal Law No. 58. Military service is a type of federal civil service. It represents the activities of Russian citizens in military posts in the Armed Forces, other troops, special forces, bodies that implement functions in the field of defense and security of the country.
The central place in the military organization of the state, as mentioned above, is occupied by the Armed forces. They include land, missile, space, airborne troops, navy, air force, military units, formations, research, educational institutions.
Currently, the military danger to the Russian Federation is quite high. The main reasons for this situation should be considered socio-economic, geopolitical, national-ethnic and other contradictions, the desire of some countries to resolve conflicts by force. NATO’s plans to expand to the East also pose a threat to state security. To reflect the danger, the country needs a powerful and professional army.
The Russian military service organization is called a set of measures aimed at ensuring the fulfillment by citizens of military duty. They are carried out by executive bodies endowed with appropriate powers in accordance with the law. Military duty involves:
- Military registration.
- Preparation for service in the armed forces.
- Call and service.
- Being in stock.
- Call for training and their passage.
Aircraft manning system
It represents a complex of measures aimed at providing the Armed Forces, other troops, formations and bodies with personnel in peacetime and wartime. Today, a mixed method of manning is used: conscription is combined with the voluntary entry of citizens into the armed forces under a contract.
Conscription is a necessary condition for providing the army with personnel. Currently, you can not do without it. However, in recent years there has been an increasing lack of draft resources.
For persons serving in the Armed Forces on conscription, the length of stay in the army is established depending on participation in armed conflicts, education and other circumstances. It is 12-24 months.
All men 18-27 years old who are not in stock and registered with the military commissariat at the place of residence are subject to the draft. Persons of a specified age who have completed training in state, municipal or other non-state educational institutions that are accredited in the relevant specialties and are included in the reserve with the rank of officer are also required to fulfill their duty.
Nuances
The legislation defines a list of citizens entitled to deferment or exemption from military drafting. Students studying full-time in non-state universities that have not received state accreditation do not receive a deferment.
Military duty
Persons serving are assigned the duty to undergo special training for the protection of the state, to ensure direct protection of the interests of the country, to reflect threats from other states. Its implementation is associated with the need to clearly and implicitly fulfill the tasks in any situation, including the risk to health and life.
Ensuring the protection of state integrity, sovereignty of the country, security, repulsing attacks, fulfilling obligations undertaken by the Russian Federation under international agreements, is the essence of military duty. He obliges every soldier to defend the Motherland skillfully, courageously, serve the people, be faithful to the Oath, observe constitutional provisions, federal laws and other legal acts. Every citizen in the ranks of the Armed Forces must constantly improve their skills, keep equipment and weapons on alert, and protect the property of the military unit.
Contract service
Recently, many factors, political, demographic, social, ideological, economic, including, have had a negative impact on the state of the army manning system. Over the past decade, the number of draftees has fallen sharply. Of the total number of citizens registered with the military, about 85% were not drafted into the army.
At the same time, in modern conditions, new forms, methods, and means of armed struggle are rapidly developing and actively applying. This is an essential prerequisite for stricter requirements for the training of employees. To solve pressing problems related to manning the army, the Government approved a targeted program aimed at creating formations of constant combat readiness. They will consist of citizens serving under the contract.
The program provides for 2 parts. The first set out the provisions describing the attractiveness of the contract service, the conditions for its passage. The second part reflects measures aimed at increasing the combat effectiveness of contract formations.
Training Issues
Currently, great difficulties are noted in the training system for sergeants. The troops need to form the institution of junior commanders. Currently, they are ordinary recruits, selected in a sergeant school almost immediately after the distribution of military units. As an analysis of their activities shows, the level of training of junior commanders is clearly insufficient. The role of sergeants in the army, however, is constantly increasing. That is why the task is to complete the linear parts with junior professional commanders.
The basis of the personnel of any army are corporals and sergeants. They determine the willingness of soldiers to follow the commanders, raise their morale.
Another problem that needs to be addressed immediately is the training of officers. Correction of the situation in the acquisition of the officer corps should be ensured through the implementation of the state program for the reform of military education in the country. One of the main sources of replenishment of the Armed Forces and other troops by these employees is established in the Presidential Decree "On the Recruitment of Reserve Officers for Military Service". This legal document stipulates that every year about 15 thousand citizens who graduated from municipal, state or other educational institutions, have received accreditation in the relevant specialties, who do not have the right to defer or release, should be served.
The value of military force
Ensuring the protection of Russia's national interests and its security is carried out in the humanitarian, military, economic, and political fields. This activity is closely related to the country's position in international relations. There are currently two trends. First, the desire to create a new, democratic, fair system of political relations between states is noted. Secondly, military force outside the UN mandate is increasingly being used.
Under such conditions, the importance of military organization as a foreign policy instrument is steadily growing. Russia advocates the formation of such a system of interstate relations in which the role of military force is minimal, and its tasks are reduced only to containing conflicts.
One of the key aspects that determine approaches to ensuring national security is the interaction of the Russian Federation with the most active participants in international relations. Among them, the leading place is taken by the UN and the Security Council. The most important role in interstate relations is played by the CIS, NATO, EU, SCO.
The UN and the Security Council of the Organization are regarded by our country as the central link for ensuring stability in the world. The diminution of the role of these institutions, the transition to the widespread use of military force are regarded by Russia as a threat to national interests.
One of the most important areas of the state’s foreign policy activity is interaction with the CIS countries. The Russian Federation seeks to develop military-political cooperation with them.
The interaction of Russia and NATO is determined by the Declaration, approved in 2001. Our country expects to stop anti-Russian rhetoric, to eliminate elements that indicate a negative attitude towards the Russian Federation, from the military doctrines of NATO member states. If the members of the North Atlantic Alliance retain them, this will require restructuring the military organization of Russia, changing the principles of army formation, and adjusting the nuclear strategy.
Our country, of course, is ready to expand cooperation with the United States in the economic, military-political spheres, in the field of ensuring stability in the world and eliminating all elements of the Cold War. Russia supports America’s efforts in the fight against international terrorism.
The SCO is a key link in the security system in the Far Eastern region and Central Asia. Russia's interaction with this organization is aimed at creating a zone of stability and peace, and eliminating large-scale military threats.
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Conclusion
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