Today, there are a huge number of home cultures that give positive emotions. Many gardeners know such a perennial herb as primrose. This is a fairly beautiful and unpretentious flower. In this review, we will look at how to grow primrose correctly.
Description
So, what you need to know about this plant? Primrose flower has a superficial root system and is able to grow rapidly. The stem can reach a height of 25 cm. The leaves are whole and wrinkled, have a dark green color. Primrose is grown as an ornamental plant.
The flowers have a regular shape and consist of five petals. They rise above the rosette of leaves on a small peduncle. Usually buds are arranged one at a time or with brushes. Umbrella inflorescences are also found. Coloring can be varied. Primrose begins to bloom in the spring. However, today there are varieties that will delight florists with bright colors even in winter. In vivo primrose grows in the temperate climate of North America, China, Asia and Europe. The plant is found near ponds on wet soil.
How to grow primrose at home?
This question is worth dwelling in more detail. Many beginner gardeners today are interested in homemade primrose flower. To grow such a plant on your windowsill, it is enough to take suitable seeds. Sowing time mainly depends on the variety you select. The best time for planting is from mid-spring to early summer. Before planting, it is necessary to prepare a container with a mixture of sand and sheet earth. Spread the seeds on the surface of the soil as little as possible. They do not need to be deepened, otherwise they will not rise. After this, the soil should be carefully sprayed from the spray gun.
In order for the seeds of primrose flower to germinate better, they should be covered with a film or glass. The container is placed in a warm, bright place. After a couple of weeks, the first shoots should appear. When this happens, the shelter can be removed. The air temperature and lighting should remain the same.
Seedlings should be moderately watered and thinned out as they grow. After about 3 months, the young plants will get strong enough, and they can be transplanted into separate pots. For this purpose it is better to use something like a scapula. You can take a fork, it will allow you to easily pick up seedlings with a lump of earth, without destroying it. After transplanting, plants must be watered. Caring for a crop is quite simple: it requires moderate humidity, diffuse lighting and warmth. When the flower grows, it will be possible to transplant it into a permanent pot.
Reproduction by dividing the bush
What does this stage provide? The division of the bush is usually carried out in the process of transplantation. It is best to use plants older than three years for this purpose. It is necessary to remove the primrose from the pot, divide it into 3-4 parts. In some cases, you can distribute the bush and 6 dividends. Each of them must be planted in a separate pot. To create a greenhouse effect, plants should be covered with a film. When they take root, primrose can be transplanted again. At each transplant, it is recommended to remove dry leaves. Also, plants require mineral top dressing.
Propagation by cuttings
This method is used very often today. The most suitable time for grafting is spring and autumn. Part of the shoot along with the leaf and growth bud must be separated from the mother plant. It is recommended to shorten the sheet by half. After that, primrose stalk is rooted in a mixture of sand and earth.
Indoor flowers require diffuse lighting. The air temperature should be at 17 degrees. Water the plant should be moderate. When 3-4 leaves appear on the flower, it is necessary to transplant it into a pot, whose diameter is about 10 cm.
Choosing a place and lighting
The plant loves light and does not tolerate direct sunlight. It is best to choose windows for the flower from the west and east. But primrose will grow normally even from the north.
Temperature mode
How to grow a primrose flower? Home care must necessarily include temperature control. The optimal value is 18 degrees. Lowering to lower values during the flowering period has a beneficial effect on the plant. Try to ventilate the room more often and protect flowers from drafts in the period from March to October.
Watering
This is one of the main processes during the growing period. How to water a flower primrose garden? When buds appear, the soil should always be moist. The rest of the time, try to water the soil as the top layer dries. An excess of moisture is best avoided. Do not wet the flower again. It is recommended to use soft boiled water for irrigation. The plant should not be sprayed. To maintain a normal level of humidity, the pot with the culture must be periodically moved to a pallet with pebbles, expanded clay and wet moss.
Top dressing
What does it include? A primrose flower at home necessarily needs to be fed. Complex mineral fertilizers are best suited for this purpose. The dosage is selected in accordance with the instructions. Feeding should be administered every two weeks.
Soil for primrose
For the culture in question, both ready-made mixtures, which can be purchased at any flower shop, or home-made soil, are suitable. To prepare the land for planting primroses, it is necessary to use the following proportions. Take one piece of sheet land, sand and peat. It is also important to take care of the drainage in advance. Otherwise, the roots of the plant may begin to rot.
Transfer
This is a mandatory step at the time of culture growth. How to transplant a flower? For primrose, this procedure is carried out annually in early autumn or spring. As a soil, it is best to use a mixture of sand, peat and sod land. It is preliminary recommended to lay out a drainage layer at the bottom of the pot. Capacity is better to choose shallow and wide. When transplanting primrose, it is necessary to carefully remove the plant, examine the roots and remove damaged and diseased roots. Cut sites are treated with fungicide. After that, the flower can be placed in a new pot. The tank is filled to the brim with soil, slightly compacted and watered.
Distillation
It is best to use plants from two years old and older for this purpose. In late autumn, the primrose is placed in a dark place, the air temperature in which is about 3 degrees Celsius. You can also not water the plant. If by the beginning of March you want to get a flowering bush, then you need to start further operations at the end of January. Primulas must be transplanted, provide them with diffused light and a temperature of 5 to 10 degrees. In addition, it is necessary to water the flowers moderately. When the first buds appear, you can add top dressing.
Diseases and Pests
Is it possible to avoid them? What pests and diseases does primrose affect? The flower most often affects jaundice, anthracnose, rust, cucumber mosaic virus, powdery mildew, spotted wilt virus. You can save the plant by removing the affected areas and having fungicide treatment. With gray rot, bloom forms on the flowers. This disease can develop with excessive amounts of nitrogen in the soil and high humidity. To overcome gray rot, the plant must be treated with copper oxychloride. The affected parts are removed.
Another serious disease characteristic of primrose is ramulariosis. It manifests itself in the appearance of yellow spots on the leaves. In this case, a white coating may form in the lower part. This disease is also treated using drugs containing copper.
As for pests, most often the primrose is affected by a spider mite, aphids and nematodes. To combat them, insecticides must be used. Try to check more often uterine plants for pests. If you notice a defeat at an early stage, it will be easier to cure the culture. It will be enough to simply treat the flower with a soap solution or mineral oil. With severe lesions, you can not do without the use of "Acarin" or "Fitoferm".
Leaf color change
A possible cause of yellowing is excess moisture. In this case, the plant needs an urgent transplant. Affected parts should be removed and treated with fungicide. Also monitor the amount of watering.
Primrose leaves may turn yellow due to too high temperature or dry air. The reason may be watering with cold hard water. As a result, the plant can drop buds and quickly wither.
Varieties
How to choose the right type of plant, such as house primrose? Photos of flowers will help you decide. The flowering period usually falls on April-June. Inflorescences can have red, yellow or blue shades.
Here are just a few varieties that are popular among gardeners:
- Sphinx Apricot is characterized by bright orange hues.
- Eclipse Violet with Rim: lilac buds with a golden border.
- Sphinx F1 neon Rose is a variety with rich raspberry flowers.
- Primula Mars - a plant with purple corollas.
- Enchantment - primrose with inflorescences of a bright blue color.
- Snow Queen - a variety with snow-white flowers.
- Obconica can have pink, blue and red buds. In height reaches 20 cm.
- Twilly Touch Me - a variety with purple, lavender rosettes.
- Primula sinensis has serrated wavy leaves. In diameter, the whisk can reach 4 cm.
Useful properties of a flower
Planting primrose is sometimes carried out not only for decorative purposes. This plant is characterized by many useful qualities. The ground part of the flower contains carotene, ascorbic acid and other vitamins. The roots of the plant are enriched with essential oils and glycosides. A broth is prepared from primrose, which has sleeping pills and a sedative effect. It is also useful to use such a drink to strengthen immunity. In addition, primrose has a diuretic, diaphoretic and expectorant effect. The roots of the plant contain saponin, which is used to protect the liver and fight cholesterol. In addition, they contain essential oils. You can make tea from dried primrose flowers. The drink is good for colds and headaches.
Where is better to grow?
Many are interested in whether it is possible to plant a primrose on the street. It is impossible to unequivocally answer this question. Everything will depend on the type and variety of plants. There are also hybrid specimens that can be grown both indoors and outdoors. One of the most common is a soft room primrose. The composition of the inflorescence includes from 10 to 20 flowers. Leaves have a light green color. The plant can reach a height of 30 cm.
There is also a family of Chinese primroses. They are characterized by a large flower size. This perennial plant can reach 20 cm in height. With proper care, this type of primrose can bloom all the time. However, it should be borne in mind that some varieties of reverse conical crops can cause allergies.
Hybrid species include stemless primrose. It will grow well both at home on the windowsill and in the garden. This species blooms from April to July and may have a different color. To primrose is not sick, it is necessary to ensure her proper care. The plant loves sunlight. But direct rays can easily destroy the delicate leaves of primrose. Therefore, it is best to place pots with plants on the east or west side. Then the sun in a limited amount will illuminate the primrose. If you choose the right lighting and temperature conditions, the plant will bloom longer.
Conclusion
Many beginning gardeners today are interested in a beautiful bright flower - indoor primrose (photos and care are presented in the article). A variety of this plant can be grown all year round on the windowsill. Primrose flower is a fairly unpretentious and at the same time beautiful culture. You can easily find the right variety. On sale today you can find a large selection of seeds for every taste and budget. If you can provide primrose with quality care, it will delight you with lush colorful flowers for a long time.