Water is the foundation of everything that surrounds us. The potential opportunity to always have at hand the necessary supply of life-giving moisture worried the minds of mankind at all times. Dwellings and villages were located near water sources, on the banks of rivers, streams and lakes. The increase in population, the growth of settlements and various other historical factors gave impetus to the creation of an extensive network of water pipes, and subsequently pumps that increase the pressure inside the system.
Uninterrupted water supply
Residents of large cities do not need to find out where their water comes from, what devices and mechanisms support the functionality of water supply systems. But for those who are building their own house or cottage, they should initially solve the problem of supplying sufficient water to the house for drinking and domestic needs.
For individual supply of private housing with water, there are pumps that vary in type of intake, design and performance. How to choose a pumping station for the home, where to start?
NA selection
First of all, it is necessary to determine the volume of fluid for daily consumption. If there is a need for local irrigation of a small area, then conventional pumps can easily cope with this task. If it is necessary to supply water to larger buildings with several points of use, a pump station is indispensable. In addition to the pump itself, it includes: an engine, a hydraulic accumulator, pressure switches, connecting hoses, pipelines, automatic control and process control. A check valve and an inlet filter are also required. The non-return valve significantly increases the service life of the pump, preventing the destructive "dry running" mode, allowing the HC system to be constantly filled and ready for operation. The filter, standing at the entrance and in contact with the surface of the water, protects the entire system from foreign objects, dirt, small animals and insects getting into the working area.
Accumulators
A tank for water supply, or a tank equipped with a valve and connected to the water supply and pump, is called a hydraulic accumulator. In it, the water stored in the reserve and constantly replenished when consumed, is under air pressure. This is done in order to continue the functioning of the system for a certain time even in the event of an unexpected power outage of the pump motor.
Storage tanks are made of various materials: ordinary, galvanized and stainless steel. Also, manufacturers of HC offer the following volumes of accumulators: 24 l, 50 l, 100 l, and large capacities are provided (for individual orders). The larger the volume, the smoother will be the adjustment of pressure in the system and the less often the on / off cycle of the motor will be performed. The term of operation increases. When choosing a tank capacity, you need to be guided by the number of constantly living people in the house: if 24-liter capacity is enough for one, then for a large family, and 100 liters can be small.
Types of pumping stations
- Whirling.
- Self-priming - built-in ejector.
- Self-priming with remote ejectors.
- Multi-stage.
NS parameters
Vortex NSs are widespread due to their ability to create a large pressure head of injected water. In addition, it is a pumping station for the home, the price of which is more than affordable (an average of about $ 70). The disadvantages include low productivity and the possibility of fluid intake from a depth of not more than 7 m.
The self-priming NS with built-in ejectors have an average pressure and volume of pumped water. The maximum depth with which water can be drawn is 9 m, they do not require careful filling of the entire system before starting, they can function even if a small amount of air enters the pipes.
Self-priming NSs with remote ejectors are indispensable for the occurrence of subsurface water at depths up to 45 m. Accordingly, their installation, maintenance, start-up is complicated, and the cost of the entire system increases. They are used with a scarce water soil layer, when the use of a deep pump is impossible. Often this is the only possible pumping station for a summer house, garden plot located in dry areas with no natural reservoirs nearby.
Multistage NSs, although they operate from depths of not more than 7 m, are characterized by excellent performance and high water supply pressure. Moreover, they are very unpretentious in maintenance, the connection of the pumping station is simple, and the units are slow-moving, which attracts consumers due to the absence of extraneous noise during periodic switching on. In addition, there is no need to go around many outlets in search of the right type of unit such as a pumping station. The instruction for each model includes all the necessary parameter data, it can be found in advance, say, in the same online store.
NS characteristics
An example is the Grundfos MQ pumping station . The kit includes:
- Self priming pump.
- Diaphragm pressure tank
- Electric motor
- Pressure and flow sensor.
- Pass and flow relays.
- Control system (with dry run protection).
- Non-return valve.
The pump station is fully automated. Convenient and simple overview control panel; Thanks to the built-in pressure tank, the number of repeated cycles of switching on the system is reduced, which significantly extends the service life. It differs in small dimensions, simple connection, low-speed. All parts under high loads are made of chromium-nickel steel alloys. If you want to choose a pumping station for a summer residence, the Grundfos MQ HC is the perfect option!
Parameter Calculation
To determine the nominal pressure for a hydraulic system, it is enough to add the following system parameters: height in meters of water column to create the necessary pressure (15 - 30 m), water depth, height of water supply in the house from the pump to the highest point and the length of the entire horizontal line from the well ( well) to the accumulator, divided by 10. The resulting value will be decisive. Corresponding to these parameters, the pumping station for a summer residence, a country house is chosen correctly.
Important Notice
The passport data of the documents attached to the NS - instructions, technical description - indicate the performance parameters under laboratory conditions, the "0" level of the water level and the rated voltage of the power supply networks. Actual conditions rarely correspond to such values; therefore, one should choose an NS with a twofold excess of all values over the calculated ones.
The principle of functioning of the National Assembly
At the beginning of the work, the accumulator is filled and the necessary pressure is created in it. As the fluid is consumed, the pressure in the tank drops, the automation turns on the NS, the pump starts to pump water until the optimal parameters of the system are restored. The water used for household needs, flowing through the internal channels of the National Assembly, cools the mechanisms from overheating. To control the temperature regime of operation, an additional backup automatic station shutdown system is installed.
Modern pumping stations completely exclude human involvement in the regulation of pressure, the water intake procedure and work completely autonomously. The time has passed for such bulky structures as water towers. The memory of them was preserved only in the common name of the National Assembly - "reckless." The following recommendations will tell you how to choose a pumping station for home, cottage, country villa.
In addition to calculating the minimum water consumption, an important aspect of preparing for the choice of a pumping station (hereinafter - NP) is to determine the presence and depth of underground moisture sources, as well as how to access them. Depending on the depth of the "first mirror", that is, the level of accessibility of subsoil moisture, the NA is selected. Conventional stations ensure uninterrupted operation at moisture depths of up to 8 m. If the water is deeper, borehole pumps equipped with appropriate fittings are introduced into the structure of the PS.
If the well was drilled by representatives of specialized organizations, information on how to choose a pumping station for the house can be obtained from them, with calculations of its productivity and professional recommendations. In the case of self-installation of the NS, it is necessary to check the productivity of the well using pumps with adjustable characteristics. The process consists in the withdrawal of water of a certain volume and in the calculation of a certain time during which there is no visible decrease in the liquid level in the well or well. It should be remembered that all calculations must be performed according to the maximum values of the required amount of water and points of its use.
The above recommendations will help you clarify for yourself how to choose the pumping station for the house or other housing facility correctly.