Zakharovo Manor is a historical place where the Russian poet A.S. Pushkin spent his childhood. It is located at the station of the same name in the Odintsovo district.
A bit of history
Zakharovo Manor (Moscow) was first mentioned in the annals of the XVII century. As these documents say, the estate was owned by Dorofei (Bogdan) Ivanovich Kamynin, who served as governor in Perm and Solikamsk. Later, he transferred to the service of the census taker of Mozhaisk, Vereya and Borovsk. His son Ivan rose to the rank of treasurer from a simple captain, having received the duma nobility, and died childless in the early eighties.
After the death of her husband, the widow became the mistress of the estate, and later her sister Avdotya Ivanovna, who married Y. I. Urusov. Since then, the estate was in the possession of the Urusovs until the end of 1757. Alexander Yakovlevich - the son of the Urusovs, sold it to his colleague D.P. Savelov, who soon retired and was closely engaged in the reconstruction of the estate.
In 1781, the noble estate Zakharovo passed into the possession of the court adviser I. Ya. Tinkov. Under the new owner, a two-story house was built in the estate, a luxurious orchard and a small but very cozy park with maple alleys were laid out.
Manor M.A. Hannibal
After the death of I. Ya. Tinkov (1804), the estate was acquired by M. A. Hannibal. The wife of the arap Peter the Great, she belonged to an old boyar family. The grandmother of the future Russian poet every summer hosted her daughter I.O. Pushkin and her children at a party. Later, when Alexander Sergeyevich matured and went to study at the Lyceum, grandmother sold the estate to her sister.
The manor Zakharovo
(Odintsovo district) has long been a typical Russian village, in which public holidays were regularly held with round dances and chants. the future poet absorbed all this. In many of his works he mentioned Zakharovo. In those days,
Pushkin's estate had a small pond, on the banks of which an ancient linden grew. Near her stood a bench. Little Pushkin liked to spend all his free time on it. Now at this place a monument to the poet.
The manor house in Zakharovo was small, and a very small outbuilding stood nearby. The facade of the house overlooks a beautiful lime park. Along the wide alley, at the end of which stood a carved wooden arbor, one could go to the pond.
After the sale of the estate, Pushkin quite often came there, already being a famous poet. He often visited the neighboring village of Vyazema. His brother Nikolai, who died at a very young age, was buried here. The last time the poet was on the estate in 1831, before the wedding. Contemporaries recalled that he was very upset by the desolation and estates.
Zakharovo in the 19th century
Several times in the XIX century, the noble estate Zakharovo was sold. Its owners were the Kozlovs, Orlovs, Nechaevs. It was planned to buy the property into state ownership in order to build a memorial there, but there was no money in the treasury for this.
A new house appeared in 1900. It lasted until 1993. Every year since 1976, Zakharovo Manor has become the venue for the Pushkin holidays. In 1993, the main manor house burned down during a fire, and in 1999, on the 200th anniversary of the poet, a new one was built.
Museum-Estate Zakharovo
The creation of the complex is quite curious. In 1949, the Academy of Sciences of the USSR erected an obelisk near the school in Zakharovo in memory of the visits of Alexander Sergeyevich to Zakharovo. The obelisk was declared a monument of culture and history of national importance. But at the same time, the officials in the resolution “forgot” about the estate itself, and therefore over the next years it was not a monument, and therefore was not protected. The obelisk was carefully fenced, it was decorated with flowers, and cattle grazed in the dying park where Pushkin grew up.
Only in 1987, on the basis of the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, a literary museum-reserve of A.S. Pushkin was created on the basis of memorial sites of estates in the villages of Big Vyazemy and Zakharovo, Odintsovo district.
Many experts justifiably consider the poetry homeland of the great poet the estates of Zakharovo and Vyazema - his childhood passed here. It was on this earth that he first appreciated the beauty of Russian nature, observed peasant round dances, heard folk songs, and saw the life of a provincial and wealthy nobility. Here his life and civic position was formed, here his first poems appeared. Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin came to this place when it was hard for him.
Today, on the territory of two estates is the historical and literary museum-reserve of A.S. Pushkin. Everyone who comes to these places can not only walk along the paths of ancient parks, but also touch the mute witnesses of childhood genius - architectural monuments, united in a single palace and park ensemble.
Zakharovo Park
Immediately beyond the gates of the museum is a wide avenue, from which on both sides there is a beautiful park. To the right is a monument to M. A. Hannibal with a young poet, and a little further away you can see the manor house, restored according to the project of architects V.V. Zubarev and N.V. Kartashova.
Main manor house
The situation in this house is quite typical of the estate of that time. Mahogany furniture, comfortable morocco chairs, mirrors and bronze. Outwardly, both the house and the outbuilding looked very modest. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible today to restore the true original appearance of the building in which the Hannibal and Pushkin family lived. There was no documentary evidence of his appearance. The only evidence of the type of estate was only Pushkin’s poems.
The manor house is a two-story building. The second floor is a mezzanine, lower, service, and on the first floor there is a museum exposition. The interior in which the great poet grew was restored in nine rooms of the museum.
In the first room you can get acquainted with the project of restoration of the house. The priceless finds found on this earth are exhibited here - ceramic tiles, latches from windows, buttons, the remains of dishes. Here is a copy of the deed of acquisition of Zakharovo M. A. Hannibal.
From the first hall you can go into the front living room, decorated in the spirit of the time. All furniture and other exhibits are from the 19th century. Here you can see the family portraits of the parents of M. A. Hannibal: A. Yu. Pushkin and S. Yu. Rzhevskaya, the daughter of Nadezhda Osipovna, her husband Sergey Lvovich, as well as his brother Vasily Lvovich.
Next, the guide will lead you into the room of the mistress of the estate - M. A. Hannibal. Here you will see an 18th-century bureau made by serf masters, a toilet with a psyche mirror, a couch, handicrafts, books on home economics and agriculture, which were published at the end of the 18th century.
Canteen
The pride of the estate Zakharovo (Moscow) is the main dining room. It is a fairly spacious room with an oval table, served with dishes of the XVIII century. All the furniture in the mahogany room. Through the pantry and the corridor you can go to the kitchen, where Arina Rodionovna and Nikita Kozlov reigned at one time. Here you can find grip and samovars, chests and baskets and other utensils that existed in Zakharov in Pushkin’s time.
Orchard
Near the house is a restored orchard. Walking down the path through the Pushkin gazebo, you will come to the shore of a picturesque pond with a bridge. It was in 1815 sung by A.S. Pushkin in "Message to Yudin."
It is planned to restore decorative shrubs, a coastal birch grove in the estate, where, according to Nashchekin, little Pushkin walked, imagining himself a fabulous hero.
According to the restoration project, the estate of Zakharovo should find a glorified Pushkin stream, of which only a dry bed remains today, and the modern concrete bridge should be replaced with a wooden bridge, which is known from the drawings from the collections of the A.S. Pushkin Museum.
Excursions
The museum offers interesting excursions, permanent museum exhibitions and expositions. On Sundays from September to the end of April, concerts and music evenings are held in the fireplace hall of the palace. In addition, the museum is doing a lot of work with children - it is planned to open a school for a young pathfinder and guide.
Manor Zakharovo: how to get there?
This is pretty easy to do. From the Belorussky railway station (Moscow), the Zvenigorod electric train will take you to the Zakharovo station. Next, take bus number 22 to the Zakharovo stop.
By car, drive 44 km along the Mozhayskoye Shosse, then turn to Zvenigorod, and after 2 km you will be there.
Visitors reviews
Most visitors to this historic site are very pleased with their trip. They note that the territory is well-groomed, in colors, the museum has many interesting exhibits. In addition, professional employees of the museum deserve kind words, who cite many interesting facts from the history of the estate.