Technology trenchless method of laying pipes appeared quite a long time ago. Back in the 80s of the last century, pipe layers laid drainage pipes in the ground. Instead of a ditch, the mechanism dug a narrow gap, where they hid a cable or water supply.
Today there are devices that lay hundreds of meters of pipes underground without opening the ground. Such special technology more than justifies the costs incurred by the customer, significantly saving time and money.
Advantageous option
Trenchless laying is necessary in two cases: when laying a new pipeline instead of a failed one or replacing a damaged, clogged old pipeline.
To insert a completely new pipe into a used old one and push it to the required distance is much cheaper than excavating, dismantling a damaged one and laying a new one.
A particularly new way of laying becomes relevant in urban areas, where the lack of maneuver during work, the side costs associated with excavating the water supply, and great difficulties with traffic flows make the problem simply gigantic.
Trenchless laying makes it possible to establish a highway under roads, lawns, various sites, without destroying them.
Installing a smaller pipe inside the old
This is the easiest and cheapest trenchless way of laying. Typically, such work is done with a failed water main. Inside the old rusty pipe they hold out a new, polyethylene one. The smooth walls of the plastic do not impair the flow of the stream.
Polyethylene products are immune to large temperature differences, are not susceptible to corrosion. They are lightweight, easy to install, inexpensive. Their service life often exceeds that of cast - iron pipes. They are plastic, easily bend, which is important when using new technology.
Trenchless pipe laying with a winch is as follows:
- A failed piece of water supply is torn in two places.
- In one of the most convenient points, a winch is rigidly installed.
- A cable is pushed into the pipe for the entire length of the lash being repaired.
- With the help of a winch and a special ruff, the highway is cleared of blockages and deposits.
- Then, using the same cable, a polyethylene lash of the required size is pulled by a winch.
- Flanges are attached to the plastic pipe and valves are installed. You can supply water.
For highways where water flows by gravity (drainage channels, moisture drains from something), the pipe is drawn from one point. The pipe is assembled from short pieces using a threaded connection or soldering and, as it is assembled, is pushed into the old line.
Laying a larger pipe instead of the old one
This trenchless pipe routing has more sophisticated technology. It requires the participation of a hydraulic calibrator and an oil pump.
The mechanism of work is as follows:
- A cable runs through the waste water conduit along its entire length.
- The cable pulls the calibrator to the beginning of the line.
- High pressure is pumped through the oil-resistant hose with a pump, the calibrator expands in diameter and extends the section of the pipeline where it is located. The destroyed pipe is pressed into the ground.
- The oil pressure is reset, the calibrator takes the initial volume and extends the winch to another section of the line. A fixed new whip drags behind the calibrator.
The advantages of broaching a new water system inside or instead of a failed one are obvious. The underground plan for laying highways does not change, there is no reason to coordinate repair work with other structures, which saves money and time.
Ground penetration by shock-impact pneumatic punch
This trenchless pipe laying method uses simple jackhammer technology. Air is pumped into the hose by the compressor. Using a control valve, compressed air begins to push the drummer, and he strikes, striking the streamlined body.
The streamlined body has an impressive length (2 m or more). The peculiarity of the puncture is that the pneumatic punch from the bottom of the pit punches a rectilinear well of horizontal direction. The well has smooth compacted walls.
In this option, it is very difficult to give the necessary direction to the highway. Although, if you carefully conduct all the necessary calculations, you can. There are guided shock-pulse breakers. But due to certain technical difficulties, they have low productivity.
Pipe routing
This option of trenchless pipe laying is often made from the foundation pit. A steel pipe is pressed into the ground with its end. Its cavity is clogged with earth. Subsequently, the soil is removed by compressed air or a special screw, which, like a ruff, cleans the inside of the pipeline.
High-pressure hydraulic jacks are used for pressure. Such an aggregate needs a strong support, which is sometimes difficult to find. Therefore, in combination with jacks, vibration-shock devices work, pushing the projectile in small jerks.
Such a laying method is remarkable in that it can be used to hammer large diameter pipes (2500 mm) in the desired direction.
Directional horizontal drilling
This is the most expensive option of all the above. But he has a serious advantage. Such trenchless laying of pipelines is used when other methods are no longer effective. When using this option, you can lay whips even in rocky ground.
In principle, the method itself resembles a conventional drilling process, but only in the horizontal direction. The speed of the formation varies from 1.5 to 20 meters per hour. But in this embodiment, conventional drill pipes cannot be used. The torque from the engine to the nozzle is transmitted using special drill rods fastened with hinges.
Rock drilling involves the use of drilling mud in the process. It is a kind of lubricant and cooling component for the drill string. The solution also fixes the walls of the well, preventing them from spilling over, while helping to eliminate the consequences of drilling.
A new pipe is drawn into the obtained well. But the drilling process will be useless if groundwater is encountered along the path of the well.
Distance
Pipes of small diameter through a worn highway winch pulled to a distance of 500 meters. Other methods of trenchless laying allow you to lay the lash at a distance of 40-80 meters. Work on the development of this technology began not so long ago, so the resource potential of the developed programs is huge.
Trenchless laying will never pay off in domestic use. If there is a need to connect private housing to the water supply, it is best to resort to the services of an excavator. Or, as a last resort, an ordinary shovel. This in the end result will be less costly.