It is impossible to live comfortably in a private house in the absence of plumbing and sewage. As a rule, the arrangement of these systems is carried out by the owners themselves. However, today there are a lot of companies involved in the arrangement of water supply and sewerage for a turnkey country house . But their services are quite expensive, in addition, you will have to spend money on material.
If it is supposed to independently lay engineering communications, the question arises: which sewerage to choose for a country house ? In the article we will deal with all the nuances of installing different systems.
Essential elements
Sewerage system for a country house includes:
- Indoor equipment. It includes pipes, plumbing fixtures.
- The outer highway. It serves for wastewater disposal.
- Septic tank or pit for collecting drains. Today, special plastic containers for sewage are produced . For a country house, you can choose a product of any volume.
The complexity of the system depends on the number of plumbing fixtures and the specifics of their placement in the house. When installing the sewage system in the house, it is necessary to comply with the established technological and sanitary standards.
The general scheme of the system is divided into two circuits: external and internal. Working with each of them has its own characteristics that should be considered.
Project
A sewerage plan for a country house is being drawn up simultaneously with the creation of a general construction plan.
Plumbing fixtures should be placed as compactly as possible so that they can be connected to one riser or collector if the building has more than one floor.
On the diagram, it should be noted all the equipment, pipe connection areas, their location, pipe entry point into the house. When drawing up the plan, the external contour is taken into account. The pipe from the house to the septic tank (or pit) should be below the freezing level.
The design of sewers for a country house must be approached very carefully. Mistakes made at this stage can have serious consequences. For example, if you do not provide for a fan riser in the scheme, then the house will always have an unpleasant smell. If it is incorrect to calculate the level of penetration of the pipe, it will freeze, which will lead to its rapid clogging.
Inner contour
To install the inner part of the sewage system for a country house , plastic pipes of different sections (from 110 to 32 mm) are used. For the central riser, for example, the largest pipe with a diameter of 110 mm is used.
The surface of the plastic pipes is smooth, which allows the drains to easily go into a septic tank or pit. In addition, the material is not subject to corrosion.
Connection of system sections is carried out using oblique elbows of crosspieces. When cornering, it is recommended to use bends of 45 degrees. This will prevent clogging.
The drains move through the pipes by gravity. Accordingly, for the normal functioning of the entire sewer system, they need to be placed under a slight slope: 2 cm per meter.
Ventilation
An integral element of the sewerage for a country house is a fan pipe. It performs the function of ventilation. A fan riser is part of a pipe that extends vertically to the roof. Due to it, stable pressure is provided in the entire system. The fan pipe is located away from window openings, on the leeward side.
In one-story houses, a vacuum valve is installed . It is an alternative to the fan pipe.
Outer contour
Its composition includes pipes through which effluents move into a septic tank or storage pit. Many owners do not know what to choose for sewage. For country houses different systems are provided:
- Cumulative pit.
- Two-chamber septic tank.
- Tank made of plastic.
- Bioremediation station.
Let's consider them in more detail.
Accumulation pit
At its bottom, a kind of filter is created consisting of crushed stone and sand. The walls of the cesspool are concreted or laid out of brick. A cesspool is suitable for small houses.
When the effluent arrives, the liquid seeps through the rock, and the solid fractions are retained at the bottom. Periodically, the pit needs to be cleaned.
This option is considered the most economical and simple.
Two-chamber septic tank
Autonomous sewage for a country house may include a special tank, consisting of 2-3 wells.
The first section is airtight. Concrete rings are used to arrange this part. You can also pour concrete on the walls and floor of the pit. In two sections - at the inlet of the pipe leaving the house, and at the overflow site - holes are made. Here, sewage will be divided into solid fractions and liquid.
Installation of a septic tank is significantly accelerated when using concrete rings. As a rule, 2-3 pieces are needed. The connection of the rings is carried out using metal fittings. Joints should be filled with a solution.
Water clarified in the first well enters an adjacent chamber through an overflow pipe. The second well is made leaky. Sedimentary rock is laid at the bottom with a layer of 50 cm.
In such a sump, a rather large volume of effluents can accumulate. It is not necessary to clean the septic tank.
On top of the sump is covered with a stove with a hatch.
Plastic container
Another fairly simple way to equip a cesspool. To install the storage tank, you just need to dig a pit of the required size.
However, you will have to clean the container quite often. This option is more suitable for a small house.
Bioremediation station
It is suitable for a large area home. A bioremediation station is a complex and expensive system. It takes a large volume of effluents and cleans them.
The system uses compressors and pumps powered by electricity. The installation of such a station is best trusted by professionals.
Seat selection
As mentioned above, when installing the sewage system, it is necessary to comply with sanitary requirements. In particular:
- A septic tank or pit should be removed from the house by at least 10 m. If a sealed tank is used, the distance can be halved.
- To the well should be at least 30 m. If the site is sandy, the distance increases to 50 meters.
- A cesspool is made no more than 3 m deep. It should not affect groundwater.
If groundwater is high on the site, only a plastic sealed container can be installed. When designing the external circuit, unhindered access of the cesspool machine should be provided.
Installation of external pipes
It starts after installing the septic tank. As a rule, polymer pipes are used. They are placed in a special concrete box to prevent mechanical damage.
Pipes should be laid as straight as possible - blockages can occur at bends. Deepen the elements by at least 1 m. In the northern regions, pipes are laid deeper. It is recommended to additionally protect them with a heater. When laying pipes, one should not forget about the slope.
Elements of the system are placed in a trench, the bottom of which is covered with sand (10 cm layer). Connection of sections is carried out by special couplings. Installation begins from a septic tank. The first pipe is introduced into it and the highway is brought to the house. After completion of laying, the trench is covered with sand and soil from above.
Storm sewage country house
It consists of wells that are connected to each other by pipes. Storm sewage is mounted to collect excess water from the site, as well as to prevent flooding of the foundation.
The system consists of:
- Gutters. They are located along the slopes of the roof. Rainfall collects in gutters and flows through funnels through pipes.
- Water receivers. They are equipped on the ground. In the receiver system there are sand traps, storm water inlets, drainage systems, receiving funnels. They are placed so that water collection occurs as efficiently as possible. Point receivers and funnels are usually located under drainpipes.
- Line receivers. They are placed along the tracks at a slight slope. This ensures a normal flow of water.
- Systems for storage, redistribution or discharge of precipitation.
Classification
Storm sewage happens:
- Ground.
- Underground.
- Mixed.
The underground system, in turn, is divided into freezing and non-freezing. The first does not function in winter, but its installation is much simpler. The minimum permissible depth of the system elements is 30 cm. Non-freezing storm sewers are mounted below the freezing level.
The choice of one or another option depends on various factors: soil properties, development features, layout, relief, aesthetic requirements.
For example, an underground sewage system is equipped when high demands are placed on the appearance of the territory. Moreover, the installation of such a system will require significant cash investments. The bulk of the costs associated with earthworks.
The above-ground storm system consists of gutters located directly in the coverage area. According to them, water is discharged to the site or flows to a specific place. Water can be used to irrigate plantings on the site. To do this, all pipes are reduced to one or more containers. Water is pumped. In winter, however, this system will not work.