Every day we come across various teams. Arriving at work, we communicate with our colleagues, returning home, we meet with our family. And each group of people refers to a particular type of team. Modern science identifies several varieties of such communities, which we will discuss in this article. We will try to understand their functions and tasks.
The concept and types of teams
A team is a group of people who have a common goal and objectives. Its participants always act together, otherwise they simply will not be able to achieve the necessary level of development. Modern society is increasingly replacing the concept of collectives with the simple word "team."
If you are a member of such a society, you must build your relationship with its other participants on the basis of trust, mutual respect and honesty, otherwise you will not be able to achieve a positive result in your activities. In general, a collective is one of the varieties of small groups. However, in order to earn such a status, a group of people gathered together must meet certain criteria:
- First of all, they must successfully fulfill all those tasks that were set before people as a team.
- The team should have respect, relations should be built on the principles of high morality.
- Each participant should be able to develop as a person.
- A person should have pleasure from working in a team, take something new for himself.
If during work with a group of people a person does not feel comfortable and does not get more benefit than he would get from independent work, then such a group of people cannot be called a collective.
Team Signs
In order to really be called a team, a group of people must have several key features that will distinguish it from other teams.
The first and perhaps the most important sign is the presence of a common goal. This means that team members must work together, move towards a single goal, always discuss their actions, consult with each other. This goal is determined by the participants themselves, formulating it from their individual aspirations, and it can also be given from the outside.
The next sign of the team is that each member recognizes himself as a part of the team and recognizes all the other members. If this does not happen, then people simply will not be able to work together.
And the third sign of the collective affects the cultural side of each of its members. People working together should have common concepts about beauty, rules of behavior, and moral standards.
Team development stages
Now scientists distinguish seven main stages of development. They relate to the main types of staff in the organization. You should consider each of them and understand how the general work of people begins and how it ends.
Lapping
It is a logical name for the first stage, since here people only meet, get acquainted, the adaptation process begins. At this stage, you can notice that people have their first sympathies, as well as antipathies. At this stage, they can still interact poorly with each other. This is due to the fact that they need to get to know their opponents better, study their characters, understand their intentions. Therefore, at this time, discussion of common goals and objectives cannot take place.
"Palace Coups"
And again, the name speaks for itself. During this period, everyone has already mastered and understood what can be expected from other participants, so there comes a time when the active struggle for the leader’s place is intensifying. If a team already has a leader, then it is important for him to maintain his position or, if he feels his weakness, it is better to immediately give way to a stronger candidate. This is a rather difficult period in the life of any team, since individual groups can form here that will impose their opinions on others. There is a big risk that the team will simply fall apart.
Performance
So, if the team was able to go through the previous two stages, then now the participants can safely take up the discussion of available resources and tasks. General methods and forms of work are already appearing here. Participants quickly join the process. Show high performance.
Efficiency
At this stage, people working in a team have extensive experience in solving various problems and achieving goals. Nobody here discusses what needs to be done. The emphasis here is on finding how to do all this as soon as possible. Each team member realistically assesses the situation and makes his own creative decisions regarding the achievement of set goals and the fulfillment of existing tasks.
Mastery
At this stage, people have already learned to act together. Their relationship is becoming more informal. Working together is much easier. People like this team very much, it's nice and easy to be here. Even if there is disagreement between the participants, they can be resolved fairly quickly. Such a team always achieves only positive results in its activities.
Aging
Usually, when this stage begins, the team has existed for more than one year. External requirements are significantly changing, and previously set tasks and goals no longer correspond to them. Now this team is still in the lead not because of modern tasks, but thanks to the experience that has been gained over many years. However, such a group is rather quickly replaced from the leading positions by newer formations. For such a long time, a certain fatigue is formed.
Death
This is the last stage of the existence of the team. Usually it is characterized by the fact that the leader leaves and after him the community breaks up. It is better not to try to reorganize people, to set them a new leader, since such reforms will still not bring results.
Classification of collectives
There are several types of groups, each of which has its own characteristics. So, the statuses are distinguished:
- Official. Usually these are teams that were created at a particular enterprise. They have special rights and obligations and act in accordance with existing legislation. There are always subordinate and superior people, and based on their position in the group, relationships are built
- Unofficial. Here people come together on their own. Such a team is not legalized and does not have a specific leader. Here people come together because of common interests, the desire to act together, perhaps they have some personal sympathies. After some time, a leader is determined in such a team. But formally, no one appoints him.
Further, collectives can be divided according to the mechanism of education. Two types are also distinguished here: those that were created by order of the authorities and those into which people unified informally, of their own free will.
Depending on how long a united group of people exists or plans to exist, temporary and permanent teams in the organization are distinguished.
There are species in the collective concept that divide according to their size.
- Small ones. Such a team includes no more than seven members.
- Medium. Here the score is already in the tens, but can not exceed thirty people.
- Big ones. Such groups are found, for example, in especially large enterprises, when from one dozen to several hundred people can work in one group at a time.
The last two types of groups can also be divided into several groups or subgroups.
Labor collective
Depending on the type of activity of the collective, several varieties can be named, but the most popular and famous is the labor collective.
It is believed that joint work has significantly higher results than if different people would do the same work separately. Indeed, during joint work, you can not only apply your knowledge and skills, but also learn from someone else’s experience and put it into practice. Due to this, the work of the labor collective is considered more successful and productive.
The basis of the emergence of the labor collective is the type of production. This should be an activity that is more convenient and efficient to carry out together. Such collectives are the basis of any large-scale production; they can be seen at various plants and factories. But, for example, a watch repair master does the job alone.
The benefits of teamwork
- Working in a labor collective, you can share the accumulated knowledge and skills, and in return receive new experience.
- A person can perform much more serious and large-scale tasks than he could do alone.
- You can get some advice from your colleagues, feel their support. Often this applies not only to work, but also to ordinary life.
- In a team, people learn responsibility. And here they can be responsible not only for their work, but also for the work of their colleagues.
- A person can express himself creatively, learn to make common decisions, participate in various discussions and discussions, express his point of view.
- Each member of the team has the right to point out to the others their mistakes, censure them if they do not adhere to moral standards.
Work Psychology
All types and forms of collectives have their own psychological characteristics. Consider the example of the labor community:
- Moral and psychological climate. Here you should pay attention to the goals that people have set for themselves, to what tasks have been formulated. You also need to consider the type of relationship in the team: how people are going to achieve their goals, how they interact.
- It takes into account how people were able to rally, performing a common cause.
- Research is being conducted on how people fit together in character and type of temperament.
- It assesses how high the level of psychological pressure in the group is, and whether the opinions of its members agree.
Team management
There are several types of team management. The main classification is given below:
- Organizational management. Dictatorship prevails here. Each participant must follow all the instructions of the leader. Everything must be done accurately and on time. Team members cannot discuss or dispute leader decisions. They are required only to execute orders on time.
- Economic management. If a specific task is set for people, then the leader must motivate them to solve the problem more efficiently and faster. In the labor collective, for example, prizes are appointed as promotion, they are promoted through the ranks.
- Psychological management. Such a management style can be chosen where democracy prevails. Here, the leader is faced with the task of finding an individual approach to each member of the team. This is necessary in order to be able to properly organize his work, to be able to interest a person, to captivate with a task that will not only be accessible to him, but also interesting.