Calculation of heat loss at home can be ordered in a specialized company. True, this is not cheap, and it will be impossible to verify the results. It is quite another matter if you learn to analyze the heat loss in the house yourself. Then no one will have to pay, and you will be one hundred percent sure of your calculations.
The amount of heat lost by a building for a certain unit of time is called heat loss. This value is variable. It depends on
seasonal temperature
fluctuations , as well as the heat-shielding properties of the enclosing structures (these include walls, windows, ceilings, etc.). Significant heat loss also occurs due to drafts - the air entering the room is called scientific infiltration. A great way to deal with them is to install modern double-glazed windows. Calculation of heat loss must necessarily take into account all these factors.
All construction and finishing materials differ in their characteristics and, consequently, in the thermal engineering qualities. Their structure is often heterogeneous, consists of several layers, and sometimes has closed air layers. You can calculate the heat loss of this entire structure by adding the indicators for each of the layers.
The main characteristic of materials in our calculations will be the indicator of heat transfer resistance. He will show how much heat the section of the building envelope (for example, 1 m 2 ) will lose at a certain temperature difference.
We have the following formula: R = DT / Q
· DT - indicator of the temperature difference;
· Q - the amount of W / m 2 heat that the structure loses;
· R is the coefficient of heat transfer resistance.
All these indicators are easy to calculate using SNiP. They spell out information on most traditional building materials. As for modern designs (double-glazed windows, drywall and others), the required data can be obtained from the manufacturer.
Thus, it is possible to calculate the heat loss for each building envelope. Particular attention should be paid to exterior walls, attic ceilings, areas above cold basements and unheated floors. Additional heat losses occur through doors and windows (especially those facing north and east), as well as external gates in the absence of a vestibule.
Calculation of heat loss of the building is made in relation to the most unfavorable period of the year. In other words, the coldest and windiest week is taken. Summing up the heat loss in this way, you can determine the required power of all heating devices in the room, necessary for its comfortable heating. These calculations will also help determine the “weak link” in the thermal insulation system and take additional measures.
You can make a calculation based on general, averaged indicators. For example, for one- and two-story buildings with a minimum air temperature of –25 ° C, heat per square meter will require 213 watts. For buildings with high-quality modern insulation, this figure drops to 173 watts, or even less.
Based on the foregoing, we can say that you should not save on high-quality thermal insulation. With the constant increase in energy prices, competent insulation and ventilation of structures lead to significant benefits.