Own housing is part of the well-being and stability of any happy Russian (and not only) family. However, people are not always ready to purchase a finished house or apartment. Such a purchase can be overshadowed by a number of significant drawbacks: the inconvenience of the layout, too large (or too small) the square of the room. In addition, the family may already have land on which to build their own housing. That is why many people decide with their own hands to build a frame house. A step-by-step guide on how to do this best will be presented in this article.
Indeed, the construction of their own housing is not an easy and time-consuming task. Before you start building a home, you should weigh all the pros and cons of such an idea. You also need to have the necessary skills. How to build a frame house with your own hands correctly? Where to begin? What tools to cook? The answers to these and many other questions can be found in this article. However, first, let's decide whether to build a frame house on our own.
Positive aspects of this idea
Before you figure out how to properly build a frame house with your own hands, you need to understand the benefits of such an event. What do people who have already built their own housing on their own say?
Firstly, such builders note that the construction of frame buildings is a relatively inexpensive option to purchase personal real estate. Secondly, it is also considered a positive fact that future owners themselves take care of the materials for the construction, that is, they use only what they themselves wish. However, this nuance can be attributed to the minuses of frame structures, as not all people are willing to spend a lot of time and effort on the purchase of everything necessary.
The next positive point in the construction of a home with one's own hands can be attributed to the fact that, with proper preparation, the construction process will pass relatively quickly. As they say experienced, a simple design can be built without haste and special skills in just one month. In addition, such construction does not involve the participation of numerous highly qualified masters. Only two people are needed to build a home, and it is not necessary that they be professional builders.
However, the main advantage of frame housing is considered to be that interior design and layout of rooms can be designed in accordance with your taste and preferences. Especially the future housewives of the house like to do this, who not only want to make their home convenient and comfortable, but also invest a part of themselves in it, give the house a special atmosphere.
Negative aspects of the project
Thinking about how to build a frame house with your own hands, you should consider the disadvantages of this event. As mentioned above, the responsibility for the material used (including the quality of work) lies with the future owners. Are they ready for the fact that it is necessary to allocate enough time for the design of the building, the purchase of material and tools, the implementation of certain construction works? If not, then you can contact the specialized companies that build turnkey frame houses.
Ask for help
This is very convenient, since the construction of a dwelling will be done not by the owners of future real estate, but by professional builders. At the same time, the owners of the house can choose the building of the necessary layout and the right size.
Very often, Russians turn to Stroy and Live for similar services. Building frame houses with this company is very easy and inexpensive. The company already has some experience in the construction of wooden houses. Many were satisfied with the quality of services and the cost of work.
The company has its own official website, as well as a channel on YouTube, where you can see photos and videos of finished buildings. The guys also teach others how to build a frame house with their own hands. Photo reports of the company help not only determine the choice of the project, but also see the quality and quality of the work performed.
However, many decide to start building their own home.
We buy materials
So, we build the frame house ourselves. How to start the construction process? It’s best to calculate costs in advance and consider what materials and tools you need to purchase.
For example, we are building a 6x6 frame house with our own hands . What needs to be prepared? First of all, we will write a list of the necessary materials for pouring the foundation:
- Two sand cars.
- 8 mm rebar - 88 meters.
- Concrete - 8 m 3 .
- Film 170 μR. - 1 roll.
- Anchor - 10 pieces.
- ASG - 1 car.
- Grid (100x100x5) - 1 roll.
- Armature 12 mm - 150 m.
- Column a / c 150 mm - 8 pieces.
For the construction of the frame, first of all, boards are needed. They should be purchased in different sizes:
- 38 x 140 - 6 m 3 .
- 38 x 90 - 2 m 3 .
- 38 x 230 - 7 m 3 .
- 40 x 150 - 2.5 m 3 .
- 40 x 200 - 2 m 3 .
Also, for the construction of the frame, it is necessary to purchase plywood of different thicknesses:
- 9 millimeters - 52 sheets.
- 12 millimeters - 42 sheets.
- 18 millimeters - 25 sheets.
In addition, you should purchase the following materials:
- Ruberoid - 2 rolls.
- Roofing shinglas - 100 m 2 .
- Non-ferrous iron - 3 sheets.
- Nails for a special pneumatic hammer.
- Chinglas nails - 15 kg.
- Staples - 350 pieces.
- Izospan AM - 3 rolls.
- Window.
- Polyurethane foam - 4 pieces.
The above amount of materials is relative and depends on the abilities of the master and other nuances.
However, this is not all that needs to be purchased. In addition to the walls and the foundation, the frame building must be insulated, as well as take care of the exterior decoration and communications.
For insulation, you can use mineral wool (approximately 15 m 3 ) and drywall (about 90 sheets), as well as film and self-tapping screws.
What to use for exterior decoration? Experienced builders recommend using a decorative stone. For our house 6x6 m, it is necessary to take twenty cubic meters of this material. In addition, you should buy glue for stone in the amount of seven bags, mesh (about 20 m 2 ), grout (7 packs), siding (about 90 m 2 ), spotlights (25 m 2 ), as well as profiles and hardware. Do not forget to also build a drainage system.
The internal communications of the frame housing include water heating, electrical wiring, water supply and, of course, sewage.
So, we build the frame house ourselves. We have already decided on the materials and their quantity. Now we turn to the direct construction of the dwelling. Where to begin?
Land preparation
How to build a frame house with your own hands? A phased display of the necessary work will be presented later in the article.
It all starts, of course, with the preparation of the site and the layout of the house. What should be taken into account at this stage of work?
First of all, it is necessary to clear the land allotted for the construction of the dwelling from debris and vegetation. If the building will be erected on a plot with a slope, then the land can be leveled using special equipment.
Next, mark the foundation, for which pegs are placed around the perimeter, indicating the internal and external walls and corners.
We are preparing the foundation
It will help those who build a frame house with their own hands, a phased display of construction work, presented below in the video.
What should be considered when pouring the foundation? For frame construction, use a pile, pile-grillage or tape base. However, experts recommend stopping at the second form, since it is the easiest to build, does not require complex calculations or large material investments. In addition, such a foundation is reliable and provides a uniform load on all supports.
For primary work, it is necessary to purchase TISE piles, which are famous for their strength due to lower expansion. Drilling bore holes under them can be done either manually or using special tools. How to build a formwork? It is necessary to roll roofing material into pipes in three layers and fix it with adhesive tape. Or you can use PVC pipes. Three or four reinforcing rods connected together in the form of a square or triangle should be installed inside each pile. How long should the rods be? At least 0.75 meters of reinforcement should rise above the surface of each pile.
Once the formwork is ready, it is necessary to fill the entire surface with concrete.
After this, it is necessary to install a mouth drill (in other words, formwork for the tape), where it is necessary to connect the longitudinal rods together with the ends of the reinforcement peeking out from the piles. Also, cuts from plastic pipes must be inserted across the tape for the design of communication and ventilation units.
Along the perimeter of the tape, every two meters, it is necessary to fix the studs that will connect the future frame of the house and the flooded foundation. On these devices it will be necessary to fasten the strapping load. Next, the structure is poured with concrete.
To prevent the solution from drying out and gaining strength, it is recommended that the foundation be covered with plastic wrap and left for five to ten days, depending on the air temperature.
What to do after pouring concrete?
When the mortar is already well dried up, you can think about waterproofing the foundation so that the wood does not draw moisture out of it. In this case, two layers of bitumen mastic or roll waterproofing are used, less often a roofing material, since it can deteriorate over time.
The next layer is laid on a tape impregnated with special compositions boards. These are the so-called lodges. It is recommended to arrange the boards in two tiers in such a way as to block the formed joints. In order to fix the pins on the studs, narrow holes should be drilled into them. It is also advisable to fasten two tiers of boards together with the help of long nails, which are nailed every twenty centimeters.
Lag setting
A board located on the edge along the entire perimeter is nailed to the installed bed. Its edges are aligned along the edge of the foundation and nailed to the bed with long nails (nine centimeters) every forty centimeters.
Then lags are installed, which are the same boards, set by an edge across the harness. They are nailed to it on both sides (right and left) with two oblique nails. Logs are installed every forty-sixty centimeters. Experienced craftsmen recommend: the longer the board, the shorter the distance between them should be. In some cases, you can optionally install a transverse beam.
Make the floor
We continue to build a frame house with our own hands. Photos and recommendations presented in the article will help to erect the structure in the correct sequence.
So, the lags are installed, go to the flooring. First, we will do the insulation. Here you can use expanded polystyrene plates (with a density of at least fifteen kilograms per cubic meter). The thickness of the insulation should be up to 15 centimeters. Plates are best placed in two levels so that the joints do not coincide with each other.
On the lower edge of the wooden logs you need to nail a long block of 5x5 centimeters. This will serve as a support for the stoves.
Then we cut the foam with an ordinary hacksaw. Masters advise making the edges trim even. To do this, use a metal file. After the insulation is installed, the seams between the foam and the strapping are filled with sealant.
A rough floor is lined on top of the boards from the boards, and on top of it is plywood five to six millimeters thick. When placing the boards, take a closer look at their cross section: annual rings that go in a semicircle should alternate, that is, look up and down. Some refuse a layer of boards in favor of plywood, with a thickness of at least one and a half centimeters.
When placing sheets in several layers, you need to pay attention to the fact that the joints between them do not coincide. Next, we fix the plywood with self-tapping screws. On the perimeter we maintain a distance between the screws of 12 centimeters, inside - about 40 centimeters, fastening is made in a checkerboard pattern.
We are building a frame
Before proceeding to this stage of assembling a residential building, it is necessary to determine how further work will be carried out: the frame will be assembled in a separate place, and then mounted on the floor, or the erection of the walls will take place directly on the foundation, gradually. What is more convenient and easier for the master - he chooses.
We fasten racks
The dimensions of the boards should be selected taking into account future loads, as well as the width of the insulation. For single-story buildings, racks with a parameter of 100 x 100 millimeters are purchased, for two-story buildings - 150 x 150 millimeters. The depth of the intermediate racks should be no less than the angular, but the thickness can be less - from 50 millimeters.
The distance between the supports should be equal to the width of the insulation and usually varies in the region of sixty centimeters. The height of the racks is equal to the height of the draft ceiling with a deduction of fifteen centimeters.
How to fix these wooden elements? Masters advise two ways: with corners (that is, on both sides of the bars) or with a notch (to the bottom board).
Where windows and doors will be located, double beams are fastened, since the load on them will be greater.
Additional items on piles
Since the erected supports will “walk”, they are fixed among themselves by temporary diagonal slopes. In some cases, it will be advisable to install two small juts above and below the wooden beams. If you plan fragile wall cladding, for example, typesetting, then such elements should be left.
After that, you can erect walls, that is, sheathe piles with plywood or OSB.
We make overlap
Beam ceilings are based on the bars of the upper harness. How to connect these structures with each other? This can be done in three ways: using perforated staples, reinforced corners, or by cutting one board into another.
So, at the top of the perimeter of all the walls, nail the board with nails, then install the beams, which are also called ceilings. The size of the boards and the distance between them depends on what will be on top - the second floor or the attic.
Rafter system
Next, we build the roof of the frame house with our own hands. First you need to determine the type of roof. It is best to erect a gable or mansard roof in a frame house. It is necessary to carry out calculations and purchase material depending on the type of roof.
It is necessary to fix the rafter legs along the very edge of the floor beams. The rafters can be fixed with temporary jibs.
What sizes should wooden elements be and at what distance are they recommended to be installed? According to the regulations, the parameters of the rafters used affect the installation step. For example, a rafter with a length of three meters and parameters of 40 x 150 mm is recommended to be installed at a distance of sixty centimeters from each other. If three-meter beams of 100 x 150 millimeters are used, the installation step is increased to 2.15 meters. In other cases, four-meter rafters with parameters of 50 x 150 or 100 x 200 millimeters can be selected. In this case, the distance between them must be maintained at 0.6 and 2.15 meters, respectively. And finally, the owner can purchase six-meter beams for a roof measuring 50 x 200 or 100 x 250 millimeters. Then the installation step is 60 and 175 centimeters, respectively.
So, the rafters are installed, go to the crate, the step of which will depend on the slope of the roof chosen by the owner. For example, if the angle is fifty degrees, then the distance between the bars will reach 37.5 centimeters. If the selected slope angle does not exceed fifteen degrees, then the step of the crate will be 33 centimeters.
After carrying out these works, it is necessary to make a counter-lattice.
Roof installation work plan
The construction of the roof is a painstaking and serious matter, which requires utmost care and accuracy. After the necessary materials have been purchased, work should begin, adhering to the universal plan presented below:
- Two boards that will serve as rafter legs are overlapped at an angle of ninety degrees and fixed with nails.
- United boards are placed on Mauerlat. The edges of the rafters should go half a meter beyond the level of the lower walls. This is necessary to install the drainage system.
- Next, it is necessary to adjust the angle of inclination and nail a wooden beam-crossbar between the rafters to fix the inclination of the roof.
- Then, at the edges of the house, side rafters are mounted.
When the roofing system is installed, you can proceed to the insulation of the roof.To do this, a vapor barrier film is attached from the inside with a stapler. Then, between the wooden bars, it is necessary to install the plates of the selected insulation. On top of it, many masters recommend laying a reinforced film, and then a diffusion membrane.
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?
This is a very important issue, since not only the beautiful appearance of your home depends on it. The warmth and comfort in the house is a consequence of correctly selected materials for warming the walls of the building.
How to sheathe the walls so that it is warm and comfortable? Experienced builders recommend that after interior decoration with OSB sheets, use vapor barrier, as well as basalt insulation with a thickness of at least 15 centimeters. As a given coating, basalt cotton wool is best suited. Experts recommend purchasing it in the form of mats, not rolls. Although hard material will have to be additionally secured with special clamps, working with it is more convenient and simpler than with soft.
Next, the basalt insulation should be covered with a vapor-permeable membrane, which will act as protection against winds and moisture. Due to the fact that this material is not blown and does not allow water to pass in either gaseous or liquid state, your home will be warm and comfortable.
After specialized insulation, it is necessary to do indoor and outdoor decorating.
Interior decoration
Now our home can be given the necessary look. Most likely, you have already planned the rooms in your new house, and now you want to restore order there and make repairs. Are there any special recommendations on how to carry out the interior decoration of a frame house?
Of course not. It all depends on your imagination and taste. As mentioned above, for roughing, you can use OSB-boards or drywall. What materials are used for the so-called finishing?
The most different. This can be wallpaper of various types (paper, non-woven, vinyl or fiberglass), ceramic tiles, wooden lining made of plastic or natural wood, decorative plaster, flexible stone and so on.
On the floor you can lay linoleum, lay tiles or parquet.
Exterior finish
How to equip the facade of a new building? After the walls have been carefully insulated, external work can be done to decorate the finished dwelling. At the same time, many of the most striking and unusual ideas can be realized. What materials are best used?
Most often, frame buildings are sheathed with a planed board (or block house) that imitates log masonry. In this case, the most advanced surface treatment agents should be used in order to increase its moisture and fire resistance.
Also, very often decorative cladding is used to clad a residential building. However, for such work it is necessary to spend a lot of time and effort. Moreover, the wet finish is short-lived.
Very often frame houses are framed with plastic, vinyl siding is used for this. This material is inexpensive and easy to perform. Those who are not used to saving can use facade brick for exterior decoration - the most durable and effective material.
For insulation and cladding at home, you can use thermal panels, as well as various modern materials (DSP sheets, Smart series panels, siding, marble chips, tiles that mimic natural materials, and many others).
If additional buildings are needed
A frame house has been erected, but is it surrounded by a spacious empty courtyard? Many decide to use the free space wisely and erect additional structures on their territory.
So, if necessary, we build a frame extension to the house with our own hands. What is needed for this?
First, you need to determine the place where our additional building will be located. Then you should develop a building project and transfer it to paper. Further, with this drawing, it is necessary to contact the BTI in order to legitimize the construction of our structure, otherwise it may be required to be demolished.
The next step will be the purchase of the necessary materials and tools. And then we begin construction.
The construction of the frame extension differs little from the construction of the frame house. Therefore, we act on the principle described above:
- Pouring a solid foundation.
- Installation lag.
- Fill the floor.
- The construction of the wooden frame.
- Construction of walls and their insulation.
- The construction of the roof.
- Installation of door and window openings.
- External cladding.
- Interior decoration.
- And of course, do not forget about conducting communications - electricity, water and, if necessary, sewage.
As you can see, everything is not so complicated, especially if you take into account the rich experience gained from the independent construction of a frame house.