Pecan: where does it grow in Russia? Features of growing walnuts in Russia, Moscow region and other climatic conditions

Common Pecan is a popular North American tree, and its fruits serve as a source of nutrients, they are very useful for the body. For Russia, this is an exotic culture for the cultivation of which winter-hardy varieties are selected. Gardeners should consider where pecans grow in Russia. Otherwise, you are wasting your time. It is also important to provide good nut care.

Where does pecan grow in Russia ?

Many have heard about the beneficial properties of walnut fruits. But in our climate, far from all species of such trees can be grown. Many gardeners are interested in where Pecan grows (photo of the plant is presented below) in our country.

The fact that this tree can be grown simply in a summer cottage and get a good harvest from it will please many.

Pecan is adapted for cultivation in Russia. It is mainly cultivated on the Black Sea coast. In our country, the tree is not used for industrial breeding. It is suitable only for individual cultivation in suburban areas.

Gardeners know where pecans grow best in Russia. The southern regions are favorable for the plant. Ample lighting and humid hot air contribute to the comfortable existence of the plant. However, successful cultivation was observed in the Moscow region and the middle zone of our country.

Description

This plant is a member of the Nut family. A tree of deciduous type, the height of which is capable of reaching sixty meters. In hot climates it usually grows up to forty meters, and in the middle lane - up to fifteen meters in length. Pecan in Russia is capable of bearing fruit for up to three hundred years.

The crown is sprawling, has a tent-like shape. It is capable of reaching a girth of forty meters. Leaves about five centimeters long, bright green. Their surface is smooth. The trunk varies in diameter from two to three meters.

Flowers, by scientific definition, are bisexual: female and male type. They have significant differences. Male flowers look like earrings that appear at the base of the shoots. Women's gather up to 10 pcs. in spike-type inflorescences. They are at the ends of branches. The flowering process begins in May. It lasts until the end of June.

During the cultivation of pecans you can observe fruits that have an oblong appearance. Their approximate size is seven centimeters in length and three centimeters in width. Their average weight reaches twenty grams. The fruits are covered with a leathery shell. In the process of ripening, it hardens and cracks. The fruit has an oval shape, with a pointed top. They grow in clusters of up to 10 pcs., Have a brown tint and contain a kernel. Unlike walnuts, pecans have no partitions. And this is a big plus.

These nuts are very rich in minerals and vitamins, they also contain folic acid and tannins. They have components to lower cholesterol. Pecan kernels have a positive effect on the body with vitamin deficiency, anemia, heart failure, as well as other diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

Common varieties

In nature, there are more than 150 varieties of this plant. They are mainly bred in the USA and Canada. Pecan grows in Russia thanks to specially bred northern varieties. They differ from other types of high winter hardiness.

Being interested in where pecans grow in Russia, it is necessary to clarify which variety is in question. Some of them are suitable for cultivation in a temperate climate.

Recommended pecan varieties in Russia:

• Indiana. This hybrid is almost 200 years old. The fruits weigh up to 16 g. They resemble the taste of chocolate. This is a feature of the variety. Taste quality of a nut aggravates a month after collection. The tree gives fruit in mid-October and is able to tolerate frosts down to -35 º.
• Carlson 3. The variety is bred in Canada and is the most northern plant. The fruit has small elongated nuts. The color of the kernel is light brownish, good quality nuts. It blooms and bears fruit in the early period.
• Stuart. Large enough hybrid. Its fruits reach a length of 45 mm and a width of 20 mm. The kernel of the nut is yellow, with a slight sweetish aftertaste. The fruits of the tree begin to ripen in late September. This plant is resistant to diseases, and also, thanks to frost resistance, can withstand temperatures down to -35 º. This northern pecan is ideally suited for cultivation in the Moscow Region.
• Buseron. Variety bred in France. It has a good yield, not whimsical to care for. The fruit has a mass of about 12 g. The taste is pleasant, chestnut. The variety is resistant to disease.
• Kiova. Well pollinated tree. For a stable crop, it is recommended to plant plants from each other at a distance of up to ten meters. According to the description, it has a very thin shell, which is quite easy to open. It has a very pleasant taste and has many useful qualities, surpassing walnut in these characteristics. The mass of the fetus reaches 12 g.
• Major. Fruits in early October. Its color is gray-brown, the mass of fruits is up to 12 g. The kernels are quite easily removed and have an exquisite piquant taste. The hybrid is widespread, as it has high resistance to frost up to -36 º.
• Green River. Fairly famous variety in the USA. After planting, the tree grows slowly for a couple of years. But then the process is clearly accelerated when compared with other varieties. Walnut has a thin shell, light brown in color. Its mass is about 15 g. The tree bears fruit in early October. Frost-resistant variety, able to withstand temperatures up to -36º.

Growing process

Growing components are prepared in late autumn. Then, in a warm climate, they can be planted in the garden. When planting in the middle lane, it is recommended to first germinate the seeds in the greenhouse way. The strongest seedlings are introduced into the soil.

If planting occurs in the fall, then it is necessary to prepare beds with furrows. The seeds are deepened by about 6 cm. When the seedlings are cut, they are thinned out. The strongest plants remain.

The seedling method of growing pecans from seeds is quite simple:

1. Seeds should be placed in December in moist sand and stored in the refrigerator or in the cellar.
2. In early March, it is necessary to fill the prepared material with warm water and leave for three days. The temperature should be room temperature.
3. After that, the seeds are poured into the container and kept warm. Planting material is very demanding to care, so it should be washed every day with water. You also need to pay attention so that mold does not appear on the seeds.
4. After the sprouts appear, they are transplanted into a container with soil.

Seedlings need daily watering. In the first year, the plant forms a root. In autumn, plants are transplanted into the open ground.

Planting and plant care

The first thing you need to pay attention to when growing is choosing the right place. Also, the plant should be provided with full care throughout the season. And in the fall it is prepared for wintering.

Initially, it is required to provide suitable conditions for planting material on the site. Most market gardeners acquire seedlings or grafted seedlings. Before buying a plant, you should carefully inspect the plant so that it does not have mold, cracks and other damages. It is recommended that work be carried out in spring or autumn, at this time of year, the movement of juices in trees slows down.

To get a good harvest, it is advised to plant at least two species of this plant. This will contribute to good mutual pollination between the trees. The recommended distance is about 9 meters.

Suitable soil in this case is loose soil. Before planting, be sure to dig the beds, make humus and mineral fertilizers.

Rules for planting and watering with bait

The landing sequence is as follows:

1. Initially, a pit is excavated with a depth of half a meter and a diameter of 60 cm.
2. It is filled with fertile soil, in which humus and mineral fertilizers are added.
3. After backfilling, they put up a support, then form a small hill.
4. Place the seedling in the recess and compact it with soil.
5. The plant is tied to a support.

The soil should be constantly moistened. This is an extremely important procedure for a seedling. This is especially true if the seedling is young. But also do not allow stagnation of moisture. This can lead to the death of the plant.

The tree responds very well to top dressing. Therefore, in the spring you can make mullein or a mixture of urea. When forming the kidneys, it is recommended to fertilize the nut with superphosphate or potassium salt. The consumption of the mixture is 35 g per 10 liters of water.

Pruning and preparing for winter

Dry and frozen shoots should be cut every year. Processing is carried out once a year. The right time for this procedure is spring or autumn.

Formative pruning should be done for young seedlings. The shoots are removed completely. Branches cannot be shortened, since inflorescences form on them. Therefore, this procedure should be treated responsibly so as not to harm the plant.

Despite the fact that many varieties of this tree are distinguished by winter hardiness, warming is still necessary for young seedlings. The trunk of the tree should be wrapped with agrofibre. It will contribute to protection from rodents and frosts.

At the end of autumn, the tree should be abundantly watered, then pour a layer of mulch from humus.

Growing Pecan in the suburbs

In order to grow the presented plant in the Moscow region successfully, it is worth considering a number of details:

• It is necessary to choose a frost-resistant grafted variety.
• Seeds for growing need to be treated with cold.
• Take care that the tree receives good sunlight.
• Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in the spring, and in summer and autumn fertilizers are added.

Due to its early flowering, the tree is not afraid of frost. But at the same time, the plant should still be prepared for winter.

Due to the specific conditions of the Moscow region, the tree does not always have time to give a harvest for the summer. The most rational option for planting is brown core. It is a hybrid relative of Pecan, which is able to withstand winter cold without any harm. The fruits taste different. They have a bitter note.

Harvest

The process of walnut ripening usually occurs in late September or early October. Ripe fruits usually crumble to the ground themselves. Harvest ripens annually. If the tree is grown from seeds, then fruiting begins at 9 years. If a tree is planted, then it will yield a crop in four years. A young nut can bring a crop of up to five kilograms, and an adult - about fifteen kilograms. The maximum yield is up to 200 kg.

Nuts can be consumed both raw and dried and fried. Storage occurs at a temperature of 10-14 º. Peeled nuts can be left in the refrigerator for up to six months. At room temperature, this process lasts no more than 4 weeks.

Breeding methods

When breeding a plant, the following methods are used:

• The seeds. The plant can be propagated by seedlings or plant seeds initially in the open ground. To increase germination, planting material should be processed. Stronger seeds are selected for cultivation.
• Cuttings. Several young shoots 15 cm long are cut on a young plant. Then they are rooted in a warm room. It can be a greenhouse or a house. Then they are carefully looked after: watered, fed with fertilizers, loosen the soil.
• Graft. The grafting process is quite effective. It is produced in June or February. As a stock used biennial seedlings. Healthy cuttings obtained from annual shoots are grafted to the plant.

Conclusion

Being interested in where pecans grow in the world, it can be noted that it can be found in a warm, humid climate. Some northern varieties can grow in Russia. This nut is appreciated for its beneficial nutrients that are found in nuts. The tree prefers a humid and warm climate. But the plant requires careful care, which includes watering, fertilizing, pruning and shelter for the winter.