Everyone loves grapes, without exception. Berries are consumed fresh, they are used to make compotes, juices, and they produce delicious wine. I want the berry to be on the table all year round. What grape varieties do you need to grow for this? It is important that they grow well, bloom profusely, bear fruit well with minimal care for them.
Early grape varieties
This culture matures in super early, early, middle and late dates. Each grape is good in its own way and finds application in personal use and industrial production. But the best grape varieties are early as well as super early. For the full ripeness of the berries, the code they will pour juice and acquire a sweet taste, you need less than four months. This period is considered optimal when growing grapes. To get the crop early, you need to choose the appropriate variety and properly care for the vine. Some early grape varieties are presented below.
Timur
The early-ripening variety was bred by Russian breeders, unpretentious in cultivation, has an average growth force. According to experts, grapes should not be planted next to tall plants, otherwise they will obscure it, because of which the yield will decrease, and the berries will not be so tasty. This culture belongs to frost-resistant grape varieties, tolerates a decrease in temperature to -25 ° C. Mildew and gray rot rarely affects bushes. The best results can be achieved if you grow plants on stocks with great growth power, and also use a short and long pruning of the vine when leaving.
Berries need 105-110 days for full ripening. One shoot forms about two conical-shaped brushes, the average weight of each is 600 g. The density of berries in clusters is average, they have a nipple shape, their length is three centimeters, and their weight is eight grams.
"Timur" refers to the best grape varieties, according to reviews, it is easy to distinguish it: the tips of the berries are usually white or greenish in color and always pointed. Grape growers note that during full ripening, the fruits are characterized by amber tan, balanced taste and nutmeg aroma. Berries have an amazing ability to accumulate sugar quickly. Their flesh is dense and crispy. The quality of the fruit will be better if the plants are planted in a light, loose soil.
"Fun"
It is a hybrid with early maturity. For ripening, berries need 100-110 days from the start of the growing season. Grapes take root quickly, ripen perfectly, are not afraid of cold and infections. Moderately dense clusters of large size are formed on the stems. The berries have an ovoid or oval shape, weigh 10 g each, are painted in dark blue. Their surface is covered with a wax coating, due to which the clusters acquire a bluish tint. Ripe berries are dense, with a bright, harmonious taste. The peel has an average thickness, due to which the berries are well transported and not spoiled by wasps.
"Arcadia"
It belongs to the best grape varieties for table use. Matures early, after three and a half - four months. According to wine growers with experience in this matter, the culture can be grown in the southern regions, but they recommend planting seedlings in the fall, in the month of September. Productivity reaches record levels, if the vine is properly looked after: cut, feed, water in time, but do not over-moisten the soil. The berries have a sweet taste, but in moderation. The pulp is fleshy and juicy, sugar contains 15%. The fruits are used to make homemade wine. Ripe clusters have a white or yellowish color with an amber sheen.
Super early grapes
To ripen the berries of this ripening period, a minimum time is needed. In addition, plants must have good resistance to spring back frosts and early cooling in the fall. Grape growers recommend sheltering plants for the winter, including if they are grown in the southern regions. This grape is one of the first to appear on our table, so it seems the most delicious. Through the efforts of domestic and foreign breeders, many varieties with early ripening have been bred. Some are presented below in the article.
Red Muscat
Berries in color and taste correspond to the name. It takes 95-100 days to mature. Bushes grow medium in size, but are also tall. Shoots ripen qualitatively, have excellent compatibility with stocks. If you trim to six to eight buds, the stems can withstand a load of up to 50 eyes. The cold resistance of the crop is low, so it is better to shelter grapes for the winter. In the process of vine growth, a perennial vine accumulates, the bushes gradually acquire the ability to form heavy brushes, the average mass of which is 300-400 g.
The clusters are loose, have a cylindrical shape. The berries have an oval or round shape, their diameter is about two centimeters, weight is three grams. They have a burgundy red color, and when fully ripe, they turn purple. Since this culture belongs to the best grape varieties, the berries are characterized by high palatability, their flesh is crispy, with sourness. Grapes are table varieties, do not suffer from transportation, on the vine for two months.
"Harold"
This is one of the earliest grape varieties. For full maturity, 95 days are enough. Suitable for growing in cold climates. You can plant plants in autumn and spring. Berries are large, oval, white in color and have a nutmeg taste. Their flesh contains bones. According to experts, the vine should not be overloaded, it is necessary to remove densely located inflorescences and ovaries. This is best done during cropping. It is enough to leave 20 inflorescences.
Cardinal
This is an early table variety of American selection. Bunches are located on fairly tall bushes. The best time for planting is considered to be spring, as the plants have time to grow stronger before the onset of cold weather. Matures quickly, in just four months. Gives high yields, but fruiting is sometimes not very plentiful. Oval-round berries have a dark purple hue. The pulp has a lot of juice, the berries have a pleasant crunch. For planting grapes, it is better to choose the southern or southwestern slopes. Plants are thermophilic, so they should be sheltered for the winter. According to the reviews of wine growers who have long been cultivating the crop, the variety has a tendency to be affected by various diseases, and therefore needs regular spraying.
Pink early grapes
According to professional winemakers, pink grape varieties among other varieties stand out for their taste. In addition, they are characterized by rapid ripening, a set of color, weight. Berries are not damaged by insects, which threatens mid-season and late varieties. Pink grapes are grown in regions with a warm climate in the south. For the cultivation of culture, the middle strip of our country is also suitable.
"Original"
It is characterized by powerful growth of bushes, has excellent immunity: it is rarely affected by diseases and damaged by pests. Refers to table grape varieties with large clusters and large berries, reaching a length of three centimeters. The fruits are light pink in color and contain a lot of sugar - 21%. They are very juicy, therefore they are used in the wine industry and for canning. This is a medium late variety. It takes 145 days to ripen the berries. From the many years of experience of specialists it follows that weather conditions do not affect fruitfulness, it remains high. Harvested in late September or early next month.
"Pink haze"
It is characterized by early, high-quality maturation of shoots, and all of their parts. Large berries have a pale pink color, each bunch weighs two kilograms. The bushes are characterized by strong growth, from one you can collect 60 kg of berries. The plant is resistant to early cold snap, so it is suitable for cultivation in regions with a cold climate. Thanks to its excellent taste and attractive appearance, grapes are grown for industrial purposes. The variety has high frost resistance and unpretentiousness in care. It is transported without loss of presentation and quality of berries, stored for a long time. According to experts, plants need pruning and thinning. If this is not done, the yield decreases.
"Typhy pink"
This variety is considered the best table grapes that came to us from ancient times. Experienced growers recommend growing this crop in the southern regions with a warm climate. In this case, the clusters will grow enormous, individual ones reach seven kilograms in weight and 30 cm in length. This is a medium late variety; the vegetative period lasts 160 days. Grapes are popular because of the pleasant taste, long-term storage and transportation with almost no loss. Prolonged drought does not affect fruiting, but temperature differences and early frosts destroy not only the crop, but the entire vineyard. This variety is sensitive to diseases of the species, therefore, it needs careful care.
White grape varieties
They have less antioxidants, but they contain a lot of organic acids, tannins, vitamins, trace elements, fiber, protein, fat, which brings invaluable benefits to the human body. White grapes are consumed fresh, it is used in the wine industry for the production of wine. The best varieties of white grapes are presented below in the article.
Chardonnay
This is a technical grape variety used in the manufacture of wine. The berries are greenish-white with a touch of golden color. A wax coating is visible on their surface, sometimes small dots of brown tone. The skin is transparent, the flesh is juicy, the aroma is pleasant. This grape has a low yield, berry picking occurs at the end of September, and they ripen in 140 days. The variety is considered the "king" among the grapes of white varieties.
Bazhena
This is a hybrid dining destination. Bushes are vigorous, do not need pollinators, as the plant has bisexual flowers. Large clusters have a conical shape, their density is average. Elongated berries are large, weigh 15 g each. They have a yellow tint and harmonious taste with the aroma of the variety. Sometimes there are fruity notes. The vine ripens well, fruiting is high.
Valentine
This is a table grape. In this variety, the bushes are vigorous, clusters are large, elongated, cylindrical, grow up to 40 cm. They do not have sufficient density. The ripening of beautiful berries occurs simultaneously. In the sun they become amber-yellow, have a taste of sage, sometimes nutmeg. The pulp is tender, it has only two bones. The skin after the rain sometimes bursts. Productivity is stable and high, increasing from year to year.
Kishmish
This grape variety came to us from the East. In the Arabs, "quiche mish" means "dried grapes." Without exception, all grape varieties "kishmish", according to winegrowers, do not contain seeds and are characterized by a high sugar content. Our country is characterized by a harsh climate, therefore, grapes were cultivated only in the southern regions. But today, many varieties are grown that ripen in the early stages and have high frost resistance. You can choose a suitable grape variety "kishmish", a description of some varieties is presented below.
Rusball
The name shows that this variety was bred by Russian breeders. This is an early grape, has a table purpose, ripens in 105-115 days. Bushes are tall, powerful whips. They form large clusters of conical shape of 600 g - 1.5 kg each, their density is average. Oval berries are white, weigh 2.5 g each. The pulp is dense, juicy, sweet and sour. According to experts, the culture loves fertilizers from potash and phosphorus additives.
"Jupiter"
This variety with an early ripening period (115-120 days) has high yields (250 centners per hectare), despite the small size of cylindrical clusters, whose weight reaches 200-250 g. But the berries are large, their weight is four to seven grams. The skin is pink, sometimes red. Ripe berries are durable, do not crack, have a dark blue color. The pulp has a nutmeg taste and high juice content. The variety is resistant to infections of fungal origin and tolerates low temperatures.
"Radiant"
Of all the grape varieties "kishmish" this variety, according to the opinion of the wine growers, is considered the best, since the berries are the sweetest. Spreading bushes are of medium height, the harvest ends with the onset of September. Berries are found in different sizes, weigh from two and a half to four grams. The clusters have a conical shape, their length is large - up to 45 cm, weight - 600-1500 g. The pulp is dense, with a crunch, it contains a lot of juice. The skin is pink. In this variety, frost resistance is low, tolerates a decrease in temperature to -15 ° C, therefore, even growing in the south, it needs shelter for a period of cold weather.
Growing Features
The vine needs a lot of sun. It grows well in areas protected from strong gusts of wind. Different soils are suitable for plants, but with good drainage. In warm areas, southern or southwest slopes are more suitable for growth, in cold regions - sections along walls and fences. The best time for planting grapes in the southern regions, where the soil does not freeze in winter, is October-March. Other regions have a harsher climate, so planting is best done in the spring, before the buds open.
Grape care
This culture needs care. The main procedure is cropping. It is carried out to form bushes, for sanitary and anti-aging purposes, after the winter season, if the plants did not shelter and received damage. In addition, the vine must be tied up, otherwise the clusters will be on the ground. Weeds should be weeded regularly to form seeds so that they do not sow and grow again. At different periods of growth, grapes should be watered, fed, protected from diseases and pests.