The state regulates public relations through state bodies endowed with authority, carrying out their activities in accordance with the law. Each of them performs strictly defined functions. And in their totality they form an organized, orderly and holistic system.
What is a state body and system of state bodies?
The concept of a state body is formed on the basis of a number of signs. This body, which is created on the basis of legal norms, has authority, performs the tasks assigned by the state, and is an integral part of the system.
The system of bodies in a state is a set of interconnected bodies interacting with each other in the exercise of state power. All of them are enshrined in the Constitution and other legislative acts. In the Russian Federation, legislative, judicial and executive authorities operate.
The President of Russia, the Central Bank, the Central Election Commission and the prosecutor's office occupy a special place and do not belong to any of the branches of government. The President is the head of state with broad powers and ensuring the coordinated functioning of state bodies.
The system of executive authorities consists of bodies of special competence (they are in charge of certain branches of management) and general competence (operate in all areas). Executive power in Russia is exercised by the Russian government, other federal bodies, governments, administrations and other bodies of the constituent entities of Russia, which must ensure the implementation of laws, other legal acts, and which must be issued in pursuance of the Constitution. The government consists of the chairman, deputies, and also federal ministers. Some of the most important government agencies are the Ministry of Finance, Economic Development, the State Committee for Property Management and others.
The system of legislative bodies includes the Federal Assembly, legislative bodies of the constituent entities of Russia. The formation of these bodies is carried out through elections, and they are created to express the will of the people and regulate social relations through the adoption of laws and other legal acts of the state. The Federal Assembly includes 2 chambers - the State Duma and the Federation Council.
The judicial system of state bodies in the Russian Federation consists of the Constitutional, Supreme Arbitration, Supreme Courts, as well as federal courts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. They are created for the purpose of administering justice through civil proceedings, as well as administrative, criminal and constitutional.
The Constitutional Court resolves issues arising in connection with the need to determine the conformity of laws and other legal acts to the Constitution. The Supreme Court is the highest body in criminal, civil, administrative, and other cases that are subject to the courts of general jurisdiction. His competence includes supervision, clarification of issues arising in practice. The highest judicial body in the field of economic dispute resolution is the Supreme Arbitration Court, which oversees arbitration courts. Judges of the courts are granted independence; they obey only the Constitution and federal laws.
Supervision of compliance with the law is carried out by the prosecutor's office. It is a single centralized system with subordination to the Prosecutor General and subordinate higher prosecutors. Its competence extends to all branches of state power. A system of prosecution authorities is needed to balance the various branches of government. That is why the prosecutor's office has an independent and independent structure.