Russia is a huge country, in different parts of which numerous species of animals and plants live. The species composition of flora and fauna in different regions of the country can vary greatly. Therefore, each subject of the Russian Federation has its own Red Book, which contains rare species of the region, territory or republic. So the Nizhny Novgorod region has its own list of endangered species.
Animals and plants are listed in the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, the number of which is very small or greatly reduced. Moreover, it contains a fairly wide list of species that need protection.
Red Book
In fact, the book bears the status of an official document, therefore it is approved by the Regulation on the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Animals and plants included in it are indicated in it in the form of a list with a brief description of the characteristics of each species.
It was officially adopted on May 13, 1997. From this moment it is a guideline in determining the most important and priority for the preservation of representatives of the flora and fauna of the region. First of all, funds are allocated for the conservation of these species from the regional budget.
Before making this or that species in the Red Book list, zoologists, biologists and botanists conducted an examination and statistical observations that allowed to identify the animals and plants most in need of conservation.
Some quantitative indicators
Plants and animals of the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod region are very important for the ecosystem of the entire region. If they are not preserved, then the biosphere of this territory can be seriously damaged, so this should not be allowed in any case.
To date, it is listed: one hundred twenty-six species of insects and 12 other invertebrate creatures (spiders, worms, etc.), 3 species of reptiles and 1 amphibian, 15 representatives of fish, about seventy species of birds, 30 mammals. Of the plants in the Book are presented: 177 species of plants related to vascular, 16 species of lichens and 34 mushrooms.
All the animals, plants and mushrooms described in it are in a rather precarious position. Many of them are on the verge of extinction. The regional authorities are doing everything possible to preserve these wonderful representatives of the flora and fauna of the region.
Animals of the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod Region
All the rarest species of animals of this region are listed in the regional Red Book, therefore they are protected at the regional and state levels. Among the diversity of the animal kingdom of the Nizhny Novgorod region, a significant number of species of animals, birds, fish and reptiles are threatened with extinction.
State reserves and regional authorities regularly carry out activities aimed at the conservation of these species. In addition, statistical observations, veterinary examinations, scientific research, etc. are carried out. The totality of all measures taken can significantly improve the environmental situation in the region, however, there are still many problems that need to be found.
Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod Region: animals (list of birds)
Within the framework of this article, it is not necessary to list all the animals listed in the Red Book, but the most prominent representatives of it will be considered.
Among the animals of the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod region:
- Whooper Swan. These are large birds, the weight of an adult swan can reach 8-10 kilograms. The bird has a bright white plumage. Young individuals (up to 3 years old) have a brownish plumage.
- Black-throated Loon. The upper part of the plumage of the bird has a dark color, and the bottom is white. The head is grayish, and the neck and throat have a greenish tint. The bird is not too large, the wingspan is about 1-1.5 meters. Outwardly resembles a duck.
- Little fellow. Belongs to the Sokolin family. In comparison with other species of the family, it has a small size (about 30 cm). The wingspan reaches only 50-70 cm. Males have a dark gray color with transverse patches. Females are gray from above, the head is reddish, and the chest and abdomen are red.
- Curlew. In Russia, this species is the largest of the waders. It has a long, thin beak that bends strongly to the bottom. The color is brownish with a gray tint, there are black and brown specks.
There are much more species of birds in the Book than mammals and other animals, not counting insects.
Other animals (list)
In the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, animals make up the majority of species, although the list of plants is also not small.
A brief list of animals listed in the Red Book:
- Pond night. This is one of the largest species of nightlights living in Russia. In length, they can reach 5-7 centimeters. They can have a color of the upper body from grayish (ashen) to golden black. The lower body is gray, almost white.
- Ordinary copperfish. This is a small snake, reaching a length of about 50-80 centimeters. Has a flattened head. Color can be of various shades: from gray to reddish.
- Asian chipmunk. From the usual chipmunk is practically no different. Leads a similar lifestyle and size. Outwardly, it differs only in the presence of a reddish shade of hair.
- Marsh turtle. This is a medium-sized animal that lives in a swampy area. The carapace has a convex oval shape. An external feature is the tail, which is rather long for the turtle, which can be up to half of the length of the shell.
- Lynx. This is a fairly large forest predator belonging to the cat family. The weight of adults can range from 12 to 20 kilograms, and the length of the body up to one meter. A characteristic feature of the species is the presence of ear "brushes".
Of course, this is not a complete list of species listed in the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The animals included in it are of great value not only for this region, but also for the whole country as a whole, therefore it is so important to preserve them.
Plants (list)
Among the plants that are on the list of rare ones, one can distinguish:
- Adonis spring or adonis. This is a very beautiful flower with a bright yellow color. It occurs almost throughout the region.
- White water lily (water lily). This is a marsh plant familiar to Russians, which is under protection in the Nizhny Novgorod Region.
- Immortelle sandy (Tsmin). It is found almost throughout Russia. Summer flower with yellow leaves and a pale grayish color of long stems.
In the Nizhny Novgorod region there are quite a few interesting and important plants that are on the verge of extinction, therefore needing protection.
Area problems affecting flora and fauna
Animals and plants got into the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod Region for a reason. There are many environmental problems. One of the most important is the extermination of the natural habitat of representatives of flora and fauna.
This can be added: air pollution, deforestation, deterioration in water quality, etc. If you do not deal with these problems, there is a big risk that the animals and plants listed in the book will completely disappear.
Finally
The Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod Region is of great benefit to the ecology of the region, and the animals in the photo presented in this article are endangered and extremely important. It is not only a list of rare and endangered species, but also provides assistance in solving problems. Thanks to it, scientists can track trends regarding a particular species or population. It is constantly updated and adjusted.
Without such a “catalog” of rare animals and plants, it is extremely difficult to track the trends, effectiveness and results of the work carried out by the authorities, scientists and public organizations to preserve them.