The construction industry has been undergoing rapid development for several years running. Hundreds and thousands of new homes are erected annually. And it can be both multi-storey arrays, and private cottages. It is the owners of the latter who try to take maximum part in the construction, embodying all their ideas in a new family nest. One of the important stages of building a house is the installation of a roof. In order for the result of the work to be distinguished by quality and reliability, it is necessary to develop a roof plan, according to which the work will be carried out.
Basic information
The configuration of the roof can be completely different - single-pitched, multi-pitched, hip, tongs, etc. There are also a lot of materials that can ensure the reliability of the coating - metal tile, slate, decking, metal, etc. The roof scheme allows you to ensure the correct calculation of the required the amount of materials for its construction, and also makes it possible to clearly determine the stages of work.
Roof plan - a drawing in which the roof is depicted in several layers. Each of them corresponds to a certain stage of construction. So, usually on paper reflect the layout of structural elements (rafters, load-bearing beams, battens) or a solid base, lining carpet, end carpet, roofing material. Also, the roof plan contains a display of the points of attachment of downspouts and ventilation. The places of joints, valleys and dormers are placed in separate schemes that help to accurately determine the location of the roofing pie.
The main types of roofs and their advantages
Before proceeding directly to the installation of the roof, it is necessary to determine the materials for heat, steam and waterproofing. An accurate plan should be developed with dimensioning of the structure. After the roof construction is known and the right amount of necessary building materials is purchased, you can proceed with the installation of this element of the house.
In order to determine the final type of the resulting roof, you need to know what types of it are. In total, 6 main categories are distinguished:
- single slope;
- gable;
- multi-slope;
- half-hip;
- hip;
- forceps.
The simplest development option is roofs without kinks (that is, a plan for a flat roof), but nevertheless hip and multi-pitch roofs are most often installed on houses. That is why the correct calculation of materials and loads on load-bearing elements comes to the fore, because in the end I want to get high-quality and reliable protection, while not overpaying for building materials.
In multi-pitched roofs, surfaces often take the form of regular trapezoids or triangles. The slopes of the hip roof can have a completely different shape. This helps to create a unique view of the roof in particular and the house as a whole.
How to make a diagram?
In the event that the roof plan is not yet completely ready, and the rafter system is already assembled, then you can proceed with measurements. First, the height from the ridge to the floor is determined. If the roof consists of more than one level, then measurements are carried out for each of them.
For greater clarity, a drawing of the rafter system in profile is created. This will allow you to correctly calculate the roof area. At the same time, do not forget that if the design consists of simple elements whose areas are easy to calculate, the total value of this parameter for the roof will be slightly larger due to the presence of overhangs.
Let's look at the calculation of a shed roof in more detail, with a breakdown of the plan into components and an explanation of the formulas.
Area calculation example
It should be said that the roof plan of an industrial building is almost no different from the development of a plan for a simple single-pitched (flat) roof of a private house.
The roof area is calculated quite simply. If the roof is gable, then the area of one slope is first calculated, and then the resulting number is simply multiplied by 2. There should not be a problem, since the planes often have a rectangular shape. Therefore, the area formula will be: S = a x b, where a and b are the length and width of the ramp, respectively. But here it is important to take into account parameters such as frontal and eaves overhangs.
For a pitched roof, the calculation is the same - just multiply the length value (house length + overhang value) by the width of the roof (house width + overhang).
The difference between a flat roof and a pitched roof
For the construction of a flat roof, bituminous, polymer-bitumen or polymer materials are used, which require the organization of a solid base. It is such roofs that are most often found at various industrial facilities. The elasticity of the material itself allows you to absorb thermal and mechanical effects, while it does not lend itself to deformation. The basis for such a coating may be a cement screed, load-bearing slabs or a layer of thermal insulation.
The plan of a roof of a flat type is often a supporting plate covered with steam and heat insulators. To protect against moisture penetration, the “carpet” is completed with a waterproofing film. This method of erecting a roof is common in the construction of industrial facilities, private residential and commercial buildings.
Flat constructions can be both non-exploitable and exploitable. What does this mean? In the first case, you can not go to the roof (except in cases of repair and prevention). In the second, on it you can create a recreation area, a garden or even a whole parking lot.
Roof plan: drawing design rule
In order to draw the plan correctly, you should definitely familiarize yourself with the rules for creating building schemes. Regardless of the type of roof (flat or pitched), it is necessary to calculate the number of drains. They must be indicated in the plan. The drawing is divided into several equal rectangles, in each of which gutters, communications, ventilation hatches and windows are drawn.
According to the created plan, the amount of materials for roof construction is calculated. It is necessary to keep in mind a certain amount of stock. This will help to avoid problems with the lack of building materials at the time of erection of the roof. If we take strictly the amount of resources that was obtained as a result of the calculations, then in 90% of cases it simply will not be enough. This is due to the fact that sometimes the roofing material can be defective or at the time of construction it becomes clear that there should be more overlaps.
Latest recommendation
A lot has been written about how to draw a roof plan. There are examples in specialized literature. Only by studying it, you can create a really high-quality drawing, according to which an excellent roof will be erected. In most cases, it’s much easier to contact construction offices that offer this type of service. Professionals will be able to take into account all the wishes of the customer and develop a plan that can satisfy all his needs.