Social security law is one of the youngest areas of Russian law today. It is a set of standards that govern the legal, economic and other support of individuals who are in need of social protection. In this article, we consider the concept, types of social. providing, as well as other important aspects of the topic.
Constitutional basis
First, it should be noted that the rights of citizens in the field of social security are established precisely by the constitution. In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution in force on the territory of the Russian Federation, the state is responsible for the existence of society; each individual bears certain responsibilities to other persons and society as a whole; relies on providing citizens with decent livelihoods by guaranteeing each specific size of a living wage. So, the rules of social. security and social protections suggest that absolutely every Russian citizen is entitled to a decent standard of living, which includes appropriate food, housing, clothing, as well as continuous improvement of the conditions he needs. The state should create conditions for full employment of the population. If this or that person does not have classes for reasons that are not dependent on him, one way or another, this citizen is guaranteed training in new specialties and advanced training. At the same time, the needs of society, as well as benefits that are issued due to unemployment, are necessarily taken into account.
Social Security Principles
Social Organization security is based on certain principles. They are enshrined in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Freedoms and Human Rights. It is advisable to include the right of every person to social security and the maintenance of the necessary conditions for the free and dignified development of the individual in social, economic and cultural terms. Today, on the territory of the Russian Federation, every citizen is endowed with the right to such a standard of living, which includes clothing, food, housing, as well as medical care necessary to maintain the well-being and health of both himself and his family. In addition, the right to certain types of social services is relevant. provision in case of disability, unemployment, illness, old age, widowhood or other situations related to the loss of cash and other means of subsistence for circumstances that are not dependent on the person.
Legal industry
It is further advisable to consider collateral from a legal industry perspective. So, the concept of social. provision involves a set of legal standards and institutions through which the regulation of the complex of public relations by a specific method is carried out. It is worth noting that these relations arise, as a rule, during the implementation by the state at the expense of the state budget, as well as the organization of all organizational and legal standards and forms of ownership, civil and socio-economic measures related to:
- Provision of disabled and elderly people with natural and monetary benefits.
- Providing people with medical, spa and resort services, as well as social services.
- The maintenance of the disabled and the elderly in special boarding schools.
- Regulation of public relations of an auxiliary nature related to the process of implementation and registration of the right to key types of social services. providing.
Branch of science and academic discipline
If we consider the category from the point of view of the scientific industry, then social. collateral is a science not only directly on collateral, but also on its organizational and legal forms, subject, varieties of implementation. It is also advisable to include the methods and legal system of social security, sources and current problems of the theory, the solution of which is devoted to the cumbersome works of both domestic and foreign researchers.
We will also study the category in terms of academic discipline. Social Security is a set of theoretical provisions and factual information regarding relations related to social security of citizens, which is regulated by PSO standards and approved by standard or basic curricula based on a specific curriculum.
Modern concept of social security category
If we touch on the general definition of the category under study, then social security should be understood as an expression of state social policy, which is primarily aimed at providing certain categories of citizens in material terms from the state budget funds. Extrabudgetary funds of state significance play an important role here. As a rule, the use of these funds is associated with the onset of social risks that are recognized by the state at a particular stage of its development as significant in a social sense.
Types of social. providing
It is important to keep in mind that citizens of the Russian Federation in the event of illness, old age, partial or complete disability, as well as upon reaching retirement age, the need for assistance in raising a child or several children, the need for sanatorium-resort or medical treatment and services, either otherwise, provided by various varieties of social security through the above legal forms. Let's consider them in more detail. Currently, the system of social. Collateral consists of the following payments:
- Pensions, as well as surcharges to them and all kinds of allowances.
- Privileges.
- Benefits.
- Free services.
- Material wealth in kind.
Pensions
By decision of the Department of Social. The main share in social security in the Russian Federation is occupied by pensions. In the legal literature you can find different interpretations of the pension. It is worth noting that the authors pay close attention to the process of defining this concept that pension is the material support of needy citizens by age, loss of breadwinner, disability or length of service in the form of cash payments in certain amounts monthly. The named category of payments social. providing the main objective pursues the provision of the disabled and the elderly.
Some authors define a pension as the monetary support of people in the event of persistent or permanent disability. It is assigned for their work in the past. Since in the legal literature all opinions regarding the presented concept have been studied in detail, it makes no sense to analyze them. It is only important to highlight the main features that are inherent in the pension category:
- Payments of a monetary nature.
- Monthly accrual.
- Alimentary character.
- Payments from the state budget, as well as money from certain types of structures.
- Payments for old age, loss of breadwinner, disability or length of service.
- One way or another, payments are due to the specific length of service.
- Amounts are based on past wages.
It should be borne in mind that all of these characteristics of the studied social category. security and social protections allow to fully disclose the concept of a pension that is assigned and paid in a systematic manner.
Benefits
The current legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the provision of citizens, as well as their families, with many varieties of benefits related to social security. The analysis of the actual features of the concept allows you to highlight the features that help to distinguish between benefits and other categories of a social nature:
- Payments of a monetary nature, which are assigned by the department of social services. providing.
- Monthly or one-time payments.
- At the expense of the state budget, funds of enterprises that are accumulated in the Federal Social Protection Service and other funds.
- Alimentary character.
- By decision of the Department of Social. security is paid to people and their families in cases stipulated by law. Payment objectives: compensation or replenishment of lost earnings due to pregnancy, illness; covering expenses of an additional nature that are caused by death, the birth of a child, the need for treatment; assistance to low-income and large families, wives of military personnel, single mothers in raising children.
- Amounts in some cases depend on past earnings, in the rest - in a solid amount.
Public services
It is important to consider that today a number of services are provided to citizens of the Russian Federation, which also serves as a form of social security. Under the service should be understood as a kind of consumer value, which delivers human labor like other goods. The special consumer value of this labor is called services. You need to know that for the whole range of services that people and their families provide in accordance with social security, the following is common:
- Provided as a kind of social. security from the state, as well as enterprises of various types.
- Formed at the expense of the state budget or enterprises.
- They are alimentary in nature.
Privileges
Under the concept of benefits in the category of social security should be understood the socio-economic activities that are carried out by the state, by structures of all kinds at their own expense. The main goal in this case is to alleviate the financial situation of people who are not able to bear the full costs associated with meeting domestic and other needs, due to disability, old age, special marital status, and so on. The most important benefits at the moment are:
- Benefits related to the acquisition of medicines.
- Benefits associated with the payment of expenses for the maintenance of children in rural schools, as well as boarding schools.
- Benefits related to the payment of expenses for rest in pioneer camps.
- Benefits associated with the partial payment of tickets to spa facilities.
- Benefits for paying for prosthetic and orthopedic products, if necessary.
- Benefits in using public transportation and so on.
Natural goods
Finally, we consider the final category of social security functioning on the territory of the Russian Federation. The material benefits of natural origin are understood to mean the provision of certain things by the state or enterprises, including hearing aids, orthopedic shoes, prosthetic and orthopedic and other restoration mechanisms, wheelchairs, cars with manual control function and so on. In addition, in the case of spa treatment or relaxation, citizens who need social security are provided with bedding and meals.