For centuries, heating stoves have been used to heat homes, cook, and many other purposes. To date, there are many similar equipment, differing in the material of manufacture, purpose, design and some other characteristics. They can be used both for heating the room and for cooking. In addition, you can find some types of stoves designed for saunas and baths.
What stoves are made of
Either brick or metal is used as the material for the manufacture. Metal stoves are assembled by welding a body made of steel or cast iron. In most cases, such structures are placed in baths, in summer cottages or in small-town country houses. For the manufacture of a brick furnace using refractory material. Chamotte brick is considered one of the best - it significantly increases the thermal stability parameter of the furnace.
The masonry is created using a special solution. An important requirement is its composition, since the use of low-quality or inappropriate mixtures can cause cracks, gaps and destruction of the entire structure. The composition of the mortar for brick masonry includes quartz sand and refractory clay. The ideal option is if chamotte powder is included in its composition.
Stoves: types of stoves for their intended purpose
The heat generated by these units is directed either to cooking or to heating the premises. According to this principle, regardless of the chimney and the body, there are various furnaces. Types of furnaces are as follows:
- Heating.
- Cooking
- Heating and cooking.
The heating and cooking unit is a type of universal economy stove that combines two functions. A similar design is most often found in traditionally Russian variants. In addition to the hob, it has a dryer, an oven and a water heater. Previously, it was equipped with a couch, located on the side of the adjacent room.
The metal furnace for a summer residence can also be of a heating-cooking type. A potbelly stove made of modern materials with an improved design has a flat cast iron surface on its body, on which it is possible to cook and heat food. The cooking unit, on the contrary, is a metal or brick stove with a firebox. In order to more efficiently distribute and use heat, a shield is attached to it in the form of a small wall, with which you can warm the room.
Design features
All furnaces, types of furnaces are identical in design: they are based on the furnace, in which fuel is burned, a small part of the heat and gas are discharged into the chimney. Only the case and chimney channels are heated, from which the room is heated. Despite the similarities, there are various types of furnaces that have certain design features. This is explained by their improvements for the purpose of subsequent, more efficient use.
Stoves: types of furnaces in gas ducts
Depending on the location of the internal channels and the pattern of movement of exhaust gases through them, all units are divided into:
- Channelless bell-shaped.
- Single turn.
- Vertical and horizontal multi-turn.
The channels through which the gas moves can be built in vertically, horizontally or completely absent, as can be seen from the names. Depending on the purpose of the unit (a furnace for a summer residence, for example), the type of channel is also selected. In most cases, a horizontal gas outlet is used, which allows to increase the heat transfer. However, this design is not very different from other options.
Differences between fireboxes
Depending on the fuel used, the design of the fireboxes changes. For example, a wood-burning stove for a house has a special fire chamber and its volume, in contrast to similar equipment for sawdust. In the first case, the dimensions of the blower were slightly larger, in the second they increase the size of the firebox itself.
Another type of stove is a fireplace stove. Their distinctive feature is the special device of the door, in which there is a special insert made of refractory glass for observing the flame.
Varieties of chimneys
Chimneys differ in material and method of installation. Depending on the place of installation of the chimney, they are divided into:
- Indigenous - are located on the side of the case and rest on the foundation.
- Wall - are installed inside the wall of the building, next to which the stove is going to.
- Mounted - lean on top of the housing.
Chimneys can be either brick or metal. The former are considered to be the most destructible and deformable, since the material of their manufacture is destroyed under the influence of acids formed during combustion. A metal chimney is characterized by a long service life only if acid-resistant steel is used to create it. Often, such pipes are used for the purpose of liner, creating combined designs.
Bath units
Depending on the design and purpose, it is quite difficult to determine the type of furnace. Types of furnaces differ in certain characteristics, but bath stoves are worth mentioning separately. Use them in saunas or baths. Such devices differ in the degree of heating of stones and the volume of steam produced. The design of such a furnace includes a special container, which contains stones and which is installed above the furnace or adjacent to the body.
As the material for creating the heater use steel, brick, cast iron. A metal stove for a house on wood or for a bath does not require a long installation. You can buy it in the store and mount it yourself, following the manufacturer's instructions. Unlike metal furnaces, stone or brick stoves require the work of a specialist, but at the same time they compare favorably with the first ones.
Furnaces "Breneran" ("Buleryan")
The Canadian company Bullerjan is engaged in the production of heating units. Their products first appeared on the Russian market about fifteen years ago, and since then the demand for Buleryan furnaces has been increasing. Their price is very reasonable, which is another advantage. Depending on the capacity of the furnace, its cost can vary from 9 to 50 thousand rubles. So, the Breneran furnace (under this name this product has been manufactured since 2005) has a price of 25 thousand rubles per 10 kW.
Description of Breneran furnaces
These units are used mainly for heating workshops and residential premises and are convection structures of long burning. The Breneran stove, correctly selected for its capacity, is able to heat the entire house completely thanks to its design, which allows for wiring throughout the premises. There are models designed for water heating, as well as heating and cooking, designed for cooking. Canadian stoves come in two types - 100 and 150 cubic meters.
Design features
Despite the fact that this stove uses firewood as fuel, it is called a gas generator. The reason for this is the special design of the furnace from two separate chambers: the combustion in which the wood burns, and the secondary afterburning of the produced gases. High heat transfer and efficiency of the furnace are explained by this. During the combustion of wood, gases enter this chamber, into which injectors for oxygen supply are also connected, and are burned again. This minimizes heat loss.
At the exit of the flue gas and the furnace door, there are regulators that allow you to put the equipment into continuous burning mode. In fact, the wood in such equipment smolders, and this process is enough to thoroughly heat the air and water in the heating system.
Buleryan stoves: cost, pros and cons
Benefits:
- Heated air can be distributed throughout the premises, regardless of their location on the floors.
- Uniform warming up of rooms.
- High efficiency of furnaces - about 70%.
- Minimum fuel consumption and economy, ease of maintenance and installation.
- The long life of the furnace on one amount of fuel is about 10-12 hours.
Disadvantages:
- Analogs of this type of furnace work only with the use of solid wood fuel.
- Regardless of the type of pipe - brick or metal - it must be insulated.
- Most of the generator gas is discharged into the chimney, not burned.
- Some parts of the furnace body warm up to 120 ° C, which leads to the burning of dust.
- The need for a large amount of space for accommodation. From the stove to the wall or any other objects should be at least one meter, which is why it is installed in the middle of the room. In order to reduce this distance, metal sheets are placed on the walls.
- Due to the fact that the fuel does not burn out completely, the stoves smoke very much, regardless of the weather on the street. Manufacturers advise to remove the chimney at least three meters above the roof.
- The economical operation of the furnace and its long term of operation are achieved only if all the dampers are correctly set, which is very difficult to do.
The main problem with Canadian furnaces is the formation of large amounts of condensate in the pipe. It includes water, tar and soot, it appears as a result of the fact that the exhaust gases have a low temperature, and the fuel does not burn out completely. The most noticeable condensation is at the joints of the chimney, and when the furnace heats up, it forms an unpleasant odor that remains in the rooms for a long time.
The cost of Canadian stoves depends on the amount of space that they can warm up. Depending on this criterion at the Buleryan furnace, the price can vary from 9 to 34 thousand rubles.
Recommendations for the selection and operation of convection ovens
Before installing this type of heating unit, you must carefully select the location of its location. The safest and best option is to install such a stove in a separate basement type room, which has good ventilation.
Manufacturers' recommendations can and should even be ignored when laying fuel to improve decay and increase its efficiency. Lay it as follows: thin logs and wood chips are placed in the first layer at small intervals, large wood is placed on top, leaving a small amount of free space. The voids are filled with bark, newspapers, small branches. Then opens the choke and the choke in the chimney, after which it is ignited.
The thermal protective screen mounted on the walls can be either bought ready-made or made independently. A gap of about 50 mm should remain between the sheet of metal and the surface. Heated air between the wall and the screen will move upward, heating the room.
Convection ovens exist with a blank and glazed door. The second type is much more expensive, it is unlikely to admire the beauty of the flame - the radiation from the unit is too strong, and the door is quickly smoked, which worsens the entire view.
Manufacturers of Buleryan furnaces claim that their products are not perfect as we would like. This must be taken into account when selecting a heating unit, taking into account all the pros and cons and accurately calculating its location, power and efficiency, and maintenance costs.