Sewerage in a country house is one of the important life support systems. Therefore, special requirements are put forward to it. This system must fully comply with sanitary and hygiene standards. For this reason, when arranging a closed sewage system, it is important to take into account all the nuances.
How to choose and mount a suburban septic tank will help sort out the advice of specialists. Knowing all the intricacies of this process, you can create a system with your own hands. The technology for selecting and installing a septic tank will be described below.
Purpose of a septic tank
Septic tanks for a country house and a summer residence are a great alternative to inefficient cesspools. These products will allow you to equip a full-fledged system of autonomous sewage in a country house. It should be noted that far from every sector there is the possibility of summing up centralized communications. In this case, the installation of a septic tank will be the right solution .
Without the arrangement of such a system, it would be practically impossible to use water in a country house. A few days later, an unpleasant smell would have appeared. Rest in such conditions would be ruined.
To be able to simply wash the dishes, bathe, provide the necessary hygiene in the bathroom, a septic tank is used. This product has appeared in our country relatively recently. However, in a short period of time its popularity has increased significantly. Many manufacturers today supply products for the construction of an autonomous sewage system. They differ in design, functionality, material and cost.
Design features
To mount a high-quality sewage system, you must first consider what septic tanks are for a country house. Their design is a volumetric capacity. It receives dirty water. Inside such a tank, processes of settling and processing of organic substances can occur.
There are many varieties of designs presented products. Conventionally, they can be divided into two groups. The first category included sealed containers. They may have one or more cameras. Sewage, getting inside, can partially decompose with the help of special bacteria. However, over time, it becomes necessary to clean the tank. The type of construction determines the frequency of emptying such a tank.
The second category includes septic tanks that have a soil treatment system. This type of septic tank allows you to divert part of the wastewater into the ground. This option is suitable for a large plot of land. Groundwater in this area should not approach the surface closer than 3 m.
Important questions when choosing
Choosing an autonomous septic tank for a country house, you need to consider a number of issues that will help to acquire the optimal model. First of all, you need to calculate the amount of wastewater that will be sent daily to the tank. To do this, you need to calculate how many people will permanently live in the house.
It is also important for calculations to provide for a situation where the amount of daily sewage discharge will be more than usual. For example, guests will come to the owners of a cottage or cottage.
When choosing a septic tank, it is very important to provide for the peak load on the system. The more plumbing devices will be involved at the same time, the higher this indicator. When carrying out calculations, it is recommended to contact specialists. There are many methods that allow you to determine the parameters of an autonomous sewage system. The performance of the septic tank must fully satisfy the needs of the buyer.
When choosing equipment, you should also take into account the terrain, how close the groundwater to the surface.
Number of cameras
One or more chambers may have a septic tank. Suburban sewerage must meet the needs of the people living in the house. If the tank is purchased for a small area where the owners stay twice a week, you can choose a single-chamber plastic septic tank. In this case, the daily water consumption should not exceed 1 m³.
For suburban cottages, it is more expedient to equip a multi-chamber septic tank. Sewage flows gradually from one tank to another. This process takes an average of about 10 days. Sewage in it is effectively decomposed by bacteria. Such septic tanks can be airtight. In this case, the waste is pumped out twice a year. If possible, it is possible to discharge effluents into the nearest rivers or soil.
The cost of multi-chamber septic tanks is higher. However, this is an effective system that allows you to fully use the sewage system. In this case, odors do not appear on the site, the required sanitation is maintained.
The principle of the septic tank
Comparison of septic tanks for a country house allows you to choose the best option. A single chamber septic tank is always airtight. It involves cleaning the tank with a cesspool machine. Pumping is carried out at regular intervals. The faster the septic tank is filled, the more often you will have to call a special service.
Multi-chamber septic tanks can also be sealed. Pumping waste from them is much less common. However, the easiest to use drainage varieties.
Multi-chamber septic tanks can divert recycled wastewater (60% purified) to the ground. This can be done on a large area. For such an installation a large field is freed. Through the drainage and filtration system, treated effluents enter the soil.
Operation of the drainage septic tank
The choice of a septic tank for a country house often falls precisely on multi-chamber drainage varieties. This is the best option in terms of functionality and cost. Drainage septic tanks have a large capacity in which sewage flows. In it, solid waste settles to the bottom. They are processed by special bacteria in the sludge. It is pumped out once or twice a year.
The second capacity of such a septic tank has smaller dimensions. It is separated from the first tank by a partition. Small particles settle in it. They are also periodically removed from the tank.
The third chamber has a drainage system or filters. Treated effluents are discharged into the ground. Once every 5 years it is necessary to change crushed stone in the third chamber. The cost of the presented systems of domestic production remains acceptable. The filtration field is constantly required to be restored.
Deep biological treatment system
Considering the rating of septic tanks for a country house , a few words should be said about the most functional form. Such a tank is relatively expensive. But it has a number of advantages. Biological treatment stations are recognized as the most innovative method of arranging autonomous sewage.
The design includes several sealed vertically directed tanks. They are made most often from polypropylene. In the first chamber, the wastewater is divided into fractions. Heavy solids settle to the bottom. Using a pump, fluid from the first chamber is supplied to the second reservoir. The liquid is saturated with oxygen.
In the second chamber, special bacteria decompose substances. Next, the fluid enters the third chamber. It has the shape of a pyramid. This is recyclable. Active sludge settles to the bottom. Purified water enters the fourth chamber. It is odorless and colorless. Pure liquid is removed from the septic tank. The degree of purification in this case is 99%.
Septic tank material
There are several varieties of materials from which the tank can be made. One of the popular options is a concrete septic tank for a country house. It is suitable for single chamber construction. Such material is durable, impermeable. Such a septic tank has been used for many years.
You can also create a septic tank from cast concrete or brick. The first option is more time-consuming.
Plastic septic tanks are very popular. It is a tank completely ready for installation. It is simply buried in a prepared foundation pit. These are quite expensive models. Plastic is not particularly durable in case of high soil pressure. If the groundwater level is high, such structures are concreted or mounted in a special reinforced concrete tank.
The cost of installing a turnkey septic tank
An autonomous septic tank for a country house can be installed by a special construction organization. In this case, the cost of arranging sewage on a suburban area can be quite high. Therefore, many owners of private real estate prefer to mount a septic tank on their own.
If the owners do not have sufficient skills and time to equip an autonomous sewage system with their own hands, they can turn to professionals. The cost of installing a turnkey septic tank depends on many factors. The master will tell you the exact cost only after inspecting the site.
The price is affected by the type of septic tank, the volume of earthwork, the amount of material for connecting the system, and soil characteristics. The basic cost of installing an autonomous sewer is about 50 thousand rubles. How much does preparing the field for filtering cost. Pipe laying is also paid separately. On average, 1 m of communications costs about 800 rubles.
The cost of septic tanks
Today, the best septic tanks that are in demand in our country are made by domestic manufacturers. Their cost depends on the size, performance and principle of operation.
A self-made septic tank made of brick or monolithic concrete costs about 15 thousand rubles. On sale are many models of tanks, the price of which can reach 100 thousand rubles.
Very popular among domestic owners of suburban real estate are the multi-chamber drainage models Tank and Triton. Such models for 1-3 people can be purchased at a price of about 30 thousand rubles. If a more productive design is required, the cost of the tank increases to 60 thousand rubles.
Deep biological treatment plants, for example, Unilos Astra, Tver, Topol, can be purchased at a price of 65 thousand rubles. (for 3 people). More productive stations can cost about 100-130 thousand rubles.
Installation
Having considered the best septic tanks for a country house, you can choose the right tank for autonomous sewage. To install it yourself, you will need to consider several rules for conducting this process.
The manufacturer provides complete installation and maintenance instructions for the tank. If the filter field is arranged, it should be at a certain distance from a number of objects. To a well or a well with drinking water should be at least 50 m. If there is a reservoir, river or swamp nearby, it should be no closer than 30 m.
The drainage field should be 5 m from the house, and 4 m from the road and trees. If the installation and operation of the autonomous sewage system are not followed, there is a high probability of an unpleasant odor and other related problems.
Installation process
To install a suburban septic tank , you will need to dig a pit. An infiltrate will also require a recess in the ground. The size of the pit should correspond to the dimensions of the tank. At the same time add the distance that will be required to create a sprinkling or foundation.
Next, trenches for the pipes are created. Typically, the depth is about 50 cm. The pipes are sealed with a layer of sand. If necessary, they will also need to be insulated. Next is the installation of a septic tank, pipes. Communications should be mounted on a slope.
Service
A country septic tank requires proper maintenance. It is very important to clean the tank in a timely manner. There are special bacteria inside such containers. They are concentrated in silt. When it is removed using a cesspool machine, you need to leave 40% of this layer.
Depending on the particular operation of the installation, it needs to be cleaned 1-2 times a year. Do not load a septic tank above the nominal limit. Proper operation of the system will allow it to work effectively for many years.
Having considered what a suburban septic tank is, what types of tanks are, everyone can choose the best option for their site. If necessary, the system can be mounted independently or seek the help of professionals.