The construction process involves strict adherence to certain standards and rules. They have been developed for more than one year. Accurate calculation and experience of builders made it possible to create clear rules for each stage of construction.
Almost every home needs a staircase. Depending on the type of construction, it can be either a small screw or wide march. But for each such object, certain rules must be observed. Choosing the angle of the stairs, pay attention to some parameters of the room. This allows you to create a comfortable object. On such a ladder it is convenient to climb and go down. The process of its creation will be discussed later.
General concept of tilt
Long-term experience of builders suggests that an indicator from 30 to 45 degrees is considered the most comfortable angle of inclination of stairs. However, convenience is not the only parameter that you have to rely on in the construction of such an architectural element. Limited space also affects the angle of the stairs.
A spiral staircase is preferable if the room does not differ in significant dimensions. Marching varieties require ample space. Indeed, to create a convenient tilt, a span will be required, which will take a significant place.
A steep staircase is not only uncomfortable, but also dangerous. If the angle is more than 45 degrees, the climb will be difficult for children and the elderly. Such stairs are acceptable in a country house, if they are not very often used.
If the slope angle exceeds 50 degrees, it will be possible to climb it only with the help of hands. This causes some inconvenience.
Maximum slope
For each kind of object, there is a maximum indicator in (tilt angle) degrees. Ladders are household, side, ramps, utility or evacuation. For domestic use, a slope of less than 30 degrees is almost never used.
The maximum angle for household objects that are inside residential premises is 45 degrees. For ramps, this figure is even less. When creating such an object, it is unacceptable to make a plane tilt of more than 30 degrees.
But for ladders, the maximum slope can reach almost 75 degrees. But in a residential building, such an architectural object is of little use. Also evacuation ladders can have a slope of more than 75 degrees. But these are specific varieties. Therefore, you should take into account the maximum slope of 45 degrees for residential premises. To slightly increase this parameter is allowed only in very limited spaces.
Comfort
In order to make the angle of inclination of the stairs to the second floor comfortable both during the ascent and during the descent, it is necessary to take into account not only the maximum, but also the minimum inclination. If the dimensions of the room allow, you can make a plane tilt of 40 degrees.
But even with a sufficiently large area of the room, the staircase should not be inclined less than 30 degrees. The climb will be convenient, but it will be quite difficult and even dangerous to go down.
To avoid such troubles, calculations should be made before construction. It is also necessary to pay attention to the railing. If there are more than three steps in the structure, this element of the staircase is simply necessary. Comfort increases the same amount of steps.
Settlement system
Choosing the optimal angle of inclination of the stairs, it is necessary to make a certain calculation. For this, the bearing capacity of the elements of the entire structure is taken into account. They are divided into cantilever or single-span beams. Then certain formulas are applied.
A staircase is a system that is subjected to dynamic loads. Therefore, attention should be paid to the rigidity of all elements. Their deflection should not exceed 1/400 span. When calculating loads, they are summed up by combining the weights of structural elements and temporary loads. Residential building requires compliance with this indicator at the level of 300 kg / sq. m
When carrying out the calculations, it should be taken into account that the doubled lifting height of each step, summed with its width, is equal to the average human step. This indicator must be taken into account. A person's step on a plane is 60-64 cm.
Settlement
Studying the question of how to calculate the angle of inclination of the stairs, it is necessary to consider the generally recognized technology. This will help you choose the plane tilt correctly. In the process of calculating, the aforementioned indicator of the stride length of a person with calm walking is applied.
Each flight of steps is considered separately. The number of steps, as well as their height, is taken into account. This is a fairly simple calculation technology. The ideal height of the steps is in the range from 15 to 18 cm. Their width should be from 28 to 30 cm. The size of the feet of people who will often climb stairs is taken into account.
Taking into account the given indicators, the calculation will be carried out according to the following formula:
2x + y = 580/660, where x is the height of the step, y is its width.
The lower the step will be lower, the wider it will be in a particular flight of stairs. This is the standard.
Width
Based on the above data, you can calculate the angle of inclination of the stairs. A simple technology is used for this. The staircase is represented as a right triangle. Its height and width are the legs, and the flight of stairs is the hypotenuse. Initially, it is necessary to determine the required and really existing place, which will take the width of the stairs in the room.
Having determined the parameters (the depth of the tread) and the number of steps, they are taken into account. The first indicators are multiplied by the second. The result is the length of the horizontal projection of the span.
Next, we consider such a parameter as the free space in the room that the staircase can take. If the calculated value matches the real one, you can move on. If the parameters do not match, it is necessary to carry out a correction.
Calculation of the length and angle
The length of the flight of stairs in construction is called a bowstring. Calculating the angle of inclination of the stairs in the house, you can use the well-known Pythagorean theorem. After all, a staircase is nothing more than a right-angled triangle.
The legs are already known thanks to previous calculations. The height of the stairs is the height of the ceilings in the room. Substituting all the values into the well-known formula, one can obtain the length of the flight of stairs.
To calculate the angle of inclination, mathematical formulas are also required. The sine of the angle is found by dividing the height of the object by the length of the span. Then, using the table, the result is compared and the real slope of the stairs is determined.
If you wish, you can use various programs that quickly, and most importantly, accurately calculate the result when entering the appropriate parameters.
GOST Rules
When determining a convenient angle of inclination of a staircase, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of GOST and SNiP. Their main provisions make it clear that in a house with more than two floors, it should be single-span. The width of such structures is at least 80 cm. If 2 people pass along it at the same time, this figure increases to 1 m.
The number of steps of one march should be from 3 to 18 pieces. The number of steps is best done odd. It is more convenient for people to start and end the movement with the same leg.
The angle of inclination of the plane should be in the range from 45 to 26 degrees. If this indicator is more than 50 degrees, apply objects of the attached type. A slope of less than 5 degrees does not require steps.
Some expert advice
Having correctly determined the angle of inclination of the stairs, it is necessary to take into account a few more tips. They will help to create a design not only convenient, but also safe. Experienced builders recommend making steps of the same height.
Otherwise, a person (especially at night) can stumble and fall. This is due to the fact that muscle memory suggests that a step should now be at a certain height. With this in mind, body weight is carried over to the foot, but suddenly there are no steps under it. Even a small difference (only 2-3 cm) can cause injury. You can tuck your foot or even slide down the stairs. This is fraught with multiple injuries.
If the ceiling height is non-standard, it is allowed to lower the floor level of the upper platform slightly below the main floor level. In this case, do not leave the step. Compensates the rise of a small ramp.
Having familiarized yourself with the technology of how to choose the right angle of inclination of the stairs, you can create a comfortable and safe object for almost any room.