In boiler houses of industrial enterprises and public utilities, heating water units with different types of burners can be used. A very popular type of such equipment is, for example, water-heating models with gas-oil burners. HMG boilers can operate on both liquid and gaseous fuels. Quite often in enterprises, for example, KVGM-100 boilers are used.
Appointment
The KVGM units of this modification are intended for producing hot water with a maximum temperature of 150 ° C. They are suitable, for example, for systems:
- heating;
- hot water supply;
- ventilation.
These units cope well with water heating in both industrial and domestic networks. Most often, such equipment is installed at the CHPP or in regional boiler houses. Boilers of this type can be used both as the main heating equipment, and as designed to cover peak loads.
One of the advantages of KVGM-100 boilers is that they can be operated in seismically hazardous regions. It is also believed that these models are simply perfectly combined with closed heat supply systems with forced circulation of water.
Design features
KVGM-100 and 150 belong to the group of direct-flow type boilers with a U-shaped layout. Their combustion chamber is fully shielded by 60 x 3 mm pipes mounted in 64 mm increments. The nozzles in these boilers are provided with a steam-mechanical type FPM. 3 pieces are installed in the boiler chamber. The firebox of these models is located horizontally. Their main blocks are convective and furnace.
Each of the latter in this case consists of vertical risers and U-shaped coils. Vertical riser units are attached to the lower and upper chambers. The convective heating surfaces of the KVGM-100 boilers are located in the downcomer flue. The latter in the unit is formed by the rear, intermediate and side screens. All these three structural elements of the boiler, in turn, are made in the form of packages with a height of 1220 mm. Packs of KVGM aggregates from individual sections are recruited.
The circulation scheme in this model is provided for a fairly simple. Water in the boiler moves sequentially along the heating surfaces. It enters the lower collector of the rear furnace screen. At the same time, water comes out of the lower collector of the front screen. The heat carrier for this boiler is prepared in special installations at the CHP. Also, this procedure can be performed in urban or collective boiler rooms.
The screens of the combustion chamber and convective gas duct for this model are based on the portal. At the same time, the support located in the middle of the lower collector on the intermediate screen is static.
How is supplied
The boiler package includes:
- furnace block;
- convection unit;
- air and gas ducts;
- hopper;
- bundles with accessories.
The manufacturer also supplies boxes with accessories for its units. It can be, for example, all kinds of devices, fittings, as well as parts and components from the boiler itself. These boilers are supplied with a block with upper and lower drums and intra-drum devices, support frame, sheathing, insulation, etc.
The main disadvantage
Hot water boilers KVGM-100 are characterized by high performance, ease of installation and operation. But this model, as, indeed, almost any other, has some drawbacks. The main disadvantage of KVGM of this modification is the susceptibility of its nodes to corrosion. Therefore, the reconstruction of this equipment at the enterprises should be done on time.
Benefits
In addition to high performance, the advantages of the KVGM-100 include silent operation, a maximum of 80 dB. Also, the advantage of this model is safety in operation. The outer wall of this boiler is never heated above 55 ° C. That is, the boiler room staff when using this model is not at risk of burns.
The KVGM-100 belongs to fairly new boiler models. One of the advantages of this modification is that it does not emit too many harmful gases into the atmosphere. Also, the advantage of these units is efficiency. KVGM-100 fuel does not consume too much.
Performance characteristics
As already mentioned, the KVGM-100 boilers are intended for heating water to a temperature of up to 150 ° C. Temperature differences of a model of this type can withstand between 40-80 ° C. Also, KVGM boilers have the following operational characteristics:
- working pressure - 10 kgf / cm 2 ;
- peak input mode - 110 ° ;
- main mode at the entrance - 70 ° ;
- working water consumption - 1235 t;
- peak flow rate - 2460 t;
- exhaust gas temperature - 180 ° ;
- fuel consumption - 11.5 t / h;
- hydraulic working resistance - 1.65 kgf / cm 2 ;
- peak - 0.79 kgf / cm 2 .
The working life of this model is 20 years or 100 hours of operation. The efficiency of this model is 91.3%.
Technical characteristics of KVGM-100
Overall dimensions of this boiler has 14450 x 9600 x 14160 mm. The volume of its combustion chamber is 388 m 3 . Moreover, the area of the radiation-perceiving surface of the latter is 325 m 2 . The vertical risers of the sections of the package of the gas ducts of the boiler are made of steel 20. They have a diameter of 82 x 4 mm.
U-shaped coil coils are made of pipes with a diameter of 28x3 mm. They are installed in a staggered beam with steps of 64 mm and 40 mm. The distance between the vertical risers in the model is equal to 128 mm. The heating rate of the convective part of the KVGM-100 boiler is 2385 m 2 .
What are burners
There are 3 such elements, as mentioned above, in the KVGM boiler. Model burners are designed for spraying fuel oil in accordance with GOST 10585-75. Technical characteristics of FPM 6000/1000 are as follows:
- productivity - 6000 kg / h;
- fuel oil pressure before the nozzle - 33 kgf / cm 2 ;
- spray vapor pressure - 4 kg / cm 2 ;
- spray steam temperature - 200 ° C;
- coefficient of working regulation - 10.
In some cases (in modes with a capacity of more than 0.8 of the nominal), steam pressure in the units can be reduced to 2 kgf / cm 2 .
Fuel
The technical characteristics of the KVGM-100, as already mentioned, are such that it can be heated both on fuel oil and gas. That is, the equipment is, in fact, universal. Fuel oil for this boiler is supposed to be used with a viscosity of 2.5 VU. Before use in the unit, the fuel must be filtered. It is allowed to use fuel oil with a particle size of impurities of not more than 0.5 for this boiler.
How do burners work?
The main structural elements of the FPM 6000/1000 of the KVGM-100 boiler are the barrel and pads with connecting parts. Also part of the burners of the unit are:
- fuel dispenser;
- plain nut;
- union nut;
- steam nozzle.
The barrel of the burner is used to transport fuel and steam towards the nozzle head. It represents two concentric pipes.
Through the inner pipe in the burner of the boiler, fuel oil is fed through openings into the annular channel. Further along the tangential channels of the swirl, it enters the swirl chamber. Here fuel oil acquires a rotational-translational motion.
In the next step, the fuel in the burner of the KVGM-100 or 150 boiler flows out through the nozzle in the form of a film. Further, the latter breaks up into drops.
In the nozzle of the boiler KVGM-100 there is:
- several tangential channels;
- swirl chamber;
- outlet hole.
Steam approaches the swirl channels through an outer pipe. Further, leaving under pressure a swirling stream, he participates in the spraying of fuel oil. Gaseous fuel in the boiler is supplied to the root of the torch.
Draft chamber
Air is supplied to the boiler furnace by two fans of the VD-15.5 type. These devices are driven by an electric motor. The air supply in the boiler is regulated using a special guide vane. Smoke exhausters are provided in the model to remove exhaust gases.
Automation
The systems of this group of the KVGM-100 boiler are capable of performing the following functions:
- Regulation of the temperature of hot water, air consumption for combustion.
- Automatic protection in all kinds of emergency situations (flare, shutdown of circulation pumps, blackout, etc.).
Mounting Features
At the selected location, the KVGM-100 boiler, the technical characteristics of which allow it to be used even in large workshops of enterprises, like any other similar unit, is installed on a pedestal. A feature of this model, among other things, is that it can be mounted as soon as possible. From the factory, KVGM boilers, as you can see, are delivered in the maximum readiness for this.
To install this boiler, according to the rules, it is allowed on the old foundations, remaining, for example, from the KVGM or PTVM units.
Kindling on fuel oil
In this case, two lower burners are prepared for ignition. Next, the boiler ignition circuit is assembled, the burner drives and fans are turned on, the gates are slightly opened, etc.
At the next stage, steam is supplied for spraying into the nozzles by setting the necessary pressure. Then turn on the burner RAM and check the stability of the flares.
Gas kindling
Technical characteristics of the KVGM-100 boilers are simply excellent. But they must be exploited correctly not only on fuel oil, but also on gas. Before kindling this unit, gas pipelines are prepared. Further:
- prepare a protective ignition device;
- prepare the boiler ducts;
- produce ventilation ducts and furnaces.
In the next step, first burner No. 2 is turned on, and then No. 1 and 3. After all the burners are ignited, all torches are checked for operability. Green lights should be lit on the control devices. At the final stage, they include a common extinction toggle switch, set the gas and air pressure in front of the burners, etc.
Transfer from gas to fuel oil
In this case, the fuel oil pipes of the boiler are first prepared, and then various regulators and valves are opened. Before this, they give an application to the driver for pumping fuel oil. Next, they start the feed pump, set the pressure, perform checks, turn on the automation, etc.
At the final stage, nozzle No. 2 is installed in burner No. 2, steam is supplied and the valve is opened to burn fuel oil. About the same principle, burners No. 1 and 3 are converted to liquid fuel.
Important
More detailed instructions RD 34.26.507-91 for turning on the boiler for operation on fuel oil or gas are provided by the manufacturer together with the boiler. It was developed by ORGRES and approved by the Main Directorate for Electrification of the Ministry of Energy of the USSR in 1991. It also provides complete recommendations on the transfer of equipment from fuel oil to gas and vice versa, on shutdown and safe operation.
Technologically, the process of switching on / off, transferring and servicing the KVGM-100 boiler is quite complicated. But all actions during the operation of this equipment should be carried out strictly according to the instructions. This will guarantee the correct and safe operation of the unit. In any case, according to the regulations, the KVGM-100 kindling should be carried out by order of the shift supervisor and under the supervision of the boiler supervisor and the driver. The same goes for turning it off.
Boiler service
The convective part of the boiler of this brand from external pollution is supposed to be cleaned with the help of network water.
The characteristics of the KVGM-100 boiler are simply excellent. However, according to safety rules, this unit cannot be operated without interlocks, technological protections, regulators and signaling devices included. Deviations from the normal operating conditions of the boiler must be detected on time. During operation of the unit it is necessary:
- monitor burners and nozzles;
- check the performance of protective systems;
- monitor the density of the air duct;
- monitor the condition of insulation and lining, etc.
Inspection of the boiler KVGM-100 is supposed to be done monthly. Also, at least once per shift, check the flues within the unit. Leaks should be reported immediately to the shop manager. Further it is supposed to take immediate measures to eliminate the problem, having previously organized the ventilation of the room.