The beauty of the rose, the duration of flowering, a pleasant aroma - that is what rightfully makes it the queen among flowering plants. There are two main ways to propagate a rose - seed and vegetative. The seed method is used mainly by breeders for breeding a new variety, as well as for growing plants used for vaccination as stocks. Propagation of roses by seeds can also be applied to some park varieties. Most rose varieties either do not form seeds or, when sown, do not convey the quality of parental specimens. In this case, the vegetative method is used for propagation - dividing the bush, rooting layering, offspring or cuttings, as well as vaccination.
If the propagation of roses is performed by rooting the cuttings, layering or dividing the bush, then the plant obtained in this way is called root. If the aboveground part dies in such a bush, then shoots of the same variety will grow from the root neck of it. In grafted roses, in this case, wild rose shoots are formed. Own seedlings have a shorter growing period, require less labor, however, they are very susceptible to adverse environmental influences, including low temperatures, and therefore often die in winter.
Propagation of roses is most easily accomplished by dividing the bushes. In the spring, after the soil has completely thawed, but the bush has not yet opened its buds, it is dug up. If the uterine plant should be preserved, then the bush should not be dug up completely, you can only separate the peripheral part with a shovel. Then it is carefully divided into pieces with a pruner or knife so that each of them has roots and shoots. Damaged roots during excavation must be removed to a healthy part. Shoots should also be shortened so that 3 to 4 buds are preserved on each. In this case, for the correct formation of the bush in the future, the upper left kidneys should not be directed inward. Plants are planted in a permanent place, after dipping the roots in a clay mash.
By rooting offsprings, those varieties of root-owning park roses propagate , which, during the period of intensive growth, form many vertical shoots extending from the main bush. They are dug up, treated in the same way as when dividing the bushes, and planted in the ground.
Rooting layering is another way to get new rose bushes. Propagation by this method is especially convenient for climbing varieties. In early spring, shallow grooves are prepared next to the bush. Then choose a shoot going from the root neck. In a place that will be underground, ring cuts are made on the cortex to cause an influx of nutrients and, accordingly, accelerated root formation. The shoot is carefully bent, laid in a groove and pinned. It is sprinkled on top with loose moistened earth so that the apex remains above the surface of the earth. To give a vertical position, it must be tied to the dug pegs. The soil in this place should be watered and loosened regularly throughout the summer. By autumn, roots form at the layering, but you should not rush with digging. You can only separate them next spring. And if the plant looks weak - it’s better in another year.
The rooting of stem cuttings is the most common way to obtain bushes of root roses, although it requires more time and labor than others. In this case, you can use both lignified and semi-lignified cuttings.
Propagation of roses with lignified cuttings is performed in the fall. Well-ripened annual stems with a thickness of 4 - 5 mm are cut and divided into cuttings. Their length should be approximately 10 - 12 cm. If planting is not carried out immediately, they must be placed in water. Planted at an angle, almost completely immersed in the soil.
When using semi-lignified cuttings, the middle part of the shoots in the first flowering stage is taken. The stalk should be 7-10 cm long and have two or three leaves. The bottom sheet is cut off completely, and the upper ones are partially shortened. This is done to reduce moisture evaporation. Cuttings can be immersed for 6 hours in a solution of heteroauxin or succinic acid. Planted in boxes with earth, not too deep. If the timing of the cuttings are met, usually by the fall a root system is formed, but still weak and undeveloped. Therefore, seedlings of summer cuttings are left in boxes until spring. Even before the onset of frost, boxes should be moved to a cellar or other cool room. In spring, seedlings can be planted in the ground in a permanent place.
This method gives such good results that it does not look supernatural even the propagation of roses by cuttings at home. You can also cut the roses you liked from the bouquet you presented to the cuttings and root them by following all the steps described above.