Entering electricity into a wooden house: connection rules

From our article you will learn about how to make the input of electricity into a wooden house with your own hands. The need for this arises not only in the construction of a new house, but also in the repair of an old one. Although, of course, in recent years, the tree began to enjoy great popularity among summer residents - the material is environmentally friendly, much warmer than brick or cinder block, and most importantly - living in a wooden house is more pleasant. The problem arises only with fire safety and electrical wiring.

Wood is a combustible material, in order to improve the safety indicator, it is necessary to process it qualitatively. But we will talk about wiring further. No subtleties, just the basics of installing power supply systems that are characteristic of wooden houses. All the subtleties can be learned from specialized collections - PUE (the rules for the installation of electrical installations are so abbreviated).

Electric power input

Before considering the features of installing electricity input into a wooden house (with your own hands it is quite possible to do this), you need to answer one question. And what is input, actually? This is the most critical area of ​​electrical wiring. This is the distance between the junction box of a private house and the power line. Please note that the installation of this site should be trusted only to specialists who have permission to carry out all work. It is also worth paying attention to the fact that cable laying can be carried out both by air and underground. Let's look at each option separately. And most importantly, we’ll talk about the rules for introducing electricity into wooden houses.

Air line

Let's look at the advantages and disadvantages of this input mounting option. The advantages are not so many, but they are significant - the installation is very cheap, and the line design is simple to disgrace. The design has a lot more disadvantages. And the most important thing is low aesthetics. In addition, the line may be damaged by trees adhering to snow. It should also be noted that between the ground and the entry point there should be a distance (according to the EMP) of at least 2.75 m. Not always the situation will allow the correct entry of electricity into the wooden house.

Connection to the power line is carried out using a self-supporting insulated wire and special fittings. For fasteners, it is necessary that there are hooks on the house and the support, for which this reinforcement can be hooked.

Underground power line

First, consider the advantages of such an arrangement for entering the house:

1. High degree of aesthetics. No "extraneous" objects are visible, everything is hidden from sight.
2. Operation is as safe and convenient as possible. Wires and cables do not interfere with repairs or other work in the building. It is immediately worth noting that it is very difficult to damage the input cable.

You can also mention the disadvantages of putting electricity into a wooden house underground:

1. Some input components can cost a lot of money. The cost of laying an overhead line is significantly lower.
2. There are difficulties when laying the cable underground. The problem is that you will have to think in advance of the route along which you will lead the cable. Then you need to dig a trench and lay a cable in it according to all the requirements of the PUE.

In addition, it should be noted that when laying the cable in the trench, several more manipulations are necessary. For example, at the bottom, it is necessary to equip a sand cushion, and if necessary, lay the entire line in a steel pipe.

Safety is the most important thing

If you follow all the recommendations and requirements of the PUE, it is necessary to lay the cable as efficiently as possible. After all, the fact is that between the switchboard in the house and the cable entry the gap is the most dangerous, responsible and difficult. And if something is done wrong, then this will affect security.

The reason for this is that there is no protection of the wiring section from power surges. There is also no short circuit protection - no circuit breakers and RCDs are provided. In other words, any contingency can turn into a tragedy. Not every village or microdistrict has an electric network protection, in some cases it works with a long delay. During the operation, the house may catch fire.

What safety requirements must be observed?

They frightened you with what might happen if the installation is incorrect, and now let's figure out how to avoid troubles? There are no difficulties, just follow the simple recommendations:

1. The cable should only be used with insulation on which there is an abbreviation "ng". This literally means that the insulation is not combustible or it makes burning difficult. A good example is the VVGng cable. Before choosing a cable, you need to inspect it, check the certificates of conformity and letter designations.
2. To protect the area of ​​electric power input into a wooden house, thick-walled steel pipes must be used. Pay attention to the fact that you need to hide the entire cable in the pipe. Of course, this requirement does not apply to the air line. But the site, which is held along the walls of the building, needs to be hidden.
3. At the entrance to the building you need to install circuit breakers - they will protect the wiring section from short circuits and overloads. Installation of the machine is carried out from the outside of the building into the gap of the main cable. In order to prevent rainfall from affecting the circuit breakers, you need to enclose them in a case that does not allow moisture and dust to pass through. Be sure to install airtight seals at the outlet and inlet of the box. Please note that in the event of an emergency, the circuit breaker mounted in the house must first operate. And only after it is street. Therefore, the street current must be higher.
4. Another degree of protection is the installation of a protection device on a power pole. It is in the place where the cable is diverted to the house. But this option should be carefully considered until the installation of the input cable is carried out. Specialists who will install the input must prepare all the materials and carry out the installation of the necessary components on the power transmission tower.

After completing the installation of the input, you can begin to connect the internal wiring. It is immediately worth noting that the input of electricity into a wooden house (in the country, for example) should be done only when the internal wiring is made and tested. Do not connect it if there are short-circuited wires or other damage.

Input shield

All these works must be carried out in advance. You need to start from the shield at the entrance, in which you put the circuit breakers, meter, RCD, etc. Note that you need to put a separate machine for each consumer. For example, for one room you need two circuit breakers - for lighting and sockets.

Before proceeding with the installation of wiring, it is necessary to draw a diagram on paper and indicate the location of all the main components. It is advisable to make the circuit in electronic form and print it, so as not to later guess which machine or RCD is responsible for what.

When you begin to determine the number of RCDs required for full protection, put backup machines in the shield. This will avoid reworking the shield when changing the wiring or rebuilding the house.

First we answer the main questions

Now you know how to make the input of electricity into a wooden house and install a distribution panel. But you still need to decide on a variant of the electrical wiring device:

1. Open (outdoor).
2. Hidden (internal).
3. Wiring in flexible boxes or cable channels.

Next, we consider the advantages and disadvantages of all these types of wiring.

Outdoor wiring

This is the simplest design, can be used in wooden buildings, it has such advantages:

1. Installation to disgrace is simple - even a person who is poorly versed in electrical engineering can do it.
2. The cost of materials and work is scanty.

But there are also disadvantages of such a system:

1. Low degree of aesthetics. Especially for cases when several wires are laid along the same route. The disadvantage can be eliminated if you make wiring under the "antiquity". Wires are used twisted and fixed on ceramic insulators. Oddly enough, but this option for arranging electrical wiring is currently popular.
2. The question of the safety of such wiring remains open - if there are children in the house, then it is worth considering whether it is necessary to lay the cable in this way. And if the child decides to pull on the wires to tear them from the wall? It is worthwhile to be safe and consider another installation option.

Cable ducts and flexible boxes

In fact, this is something between a closed and an open wiring. The following advantages can be distinguished:

1. All necessary precautions are followed. For example, the wires do not touch the walls, go at a certain distance from them. These requirements are spelled out in the EMP.
2. The view after installation is very neat. And most importantly - it is possible to make changes to the wiring configuration. You can change the path along which the wires are laid, add a new cable,

But there is a drawback to this type of wiring installation - it is ideal for offices and other buildings in which owners often change. The requirements for installing switches and sockets are different for everyone, so office owners come to such a compromise - wiring in cable channels allows you to quickly transfer electrical appliances to other places. In a private house, such wiring is rarely used.

Installation of hidden wiring in wooden houses

The article describes how the organization of wiring inside the building and the introduction of electricity into a wooden house in the country is carried out. Photos of examples are given throughout the article for clarity. Slowly we approached the most common type of wiring - hidden. Plus, he has only one - the wires are hidden from the eyes, they are securely hidden inside the walls.

But there are drawbacks to this option:

1. Wiring is complicated, as all cables must be hidden in a steel pipe. Of course, it is allowed to use tubes of other materials that are not exposed to combustion.
2. You need to plan the wiring diagram during the construction of the building in order to comply with all norms and requirements.
3. Making changes to the scheme is accompanied by a lot of complex work.

It should also be noted that when laying hidden wiring, it is impossible to allow connections of the "twist" type. Be sure to purchase self-clamping terminal blocks and use them during installation.

Total

When performing work on arranging the input of electricity into a wooden house, it must be remembered that wood is a highly flammable material. You should not derogate from the recommendations that are stated in the requirements of the EMP. By departing from these requirements, you are in danger of losing property. According to statistics, the main cause of fires is the wiring closure. Do not save on materials, do not miss even the smallest details when arranging the wiring of a wooden house.