Projects for the implementation of lighting systems increasingly include the inclusion of LED components. LED devices have gained wide popularity due to significant energy savings and durability, although their cost still exceeds the price tags of more familiar energy-saving and halogen lamps. But LED-technology has many other advantages due to the unusual design. A typical device of an LED lamp for 220, the photo of which is presented below, is spared from massive sources of radiation, which allows to optimize the housing in size and operational characteristics. As a result, such qualities as wide functionality, increased ergonomics of control and ease of installation are achieved.
Diode crystal as the base of the lamp
The basis of any LED device is formed by one or more semiconductor elements that convert electricity into light radiation. These are diode crystals, most often performed in the form of a miniature chip. On a small platform board there is also equipment for connecting the supply wires. However, the device of a 220 V LED lamp may involve the use of different crystals that differ in design and a set of functional components:
- Dip The most common type of diode, on the surface of which a lens and two conductors are placed.
- SMD The crystal universal in application, differing in modest sizes and effective heat sink.
- "Piranha". Diode crystal with four outputs for occasions. This configuration makes the emitter more efficient and reliable.
- COB crystal. In this case, the integration of the diode into the board is provided, so that the contacts are better protected from overheating and oxidation. Along with this, the intensity of the glow increases.
Principal device of LED-lamp for 220 V
In addition to diode crystals, the base of the design includes a base, diffuser, radiator and housing. Actually, the board with LED elements is the functional core that the listed components serve. As for the base, it serves as the supporting link, allowing you to integrate the lamp into a cartridge of a suitable size. The diffuser makes photon radiation (converted from current) more saturated and directional. In more modern versions, the possibility of changing the physical parameters of the light supply is allowed, which is achieved precisely due to the correction of the diffuser parameters. The radiator unit is also essential in the design of a 220 V LED lamp. One of the main advantages of LED devices is the lack of heating of the case, which makes the source fireproof. This property is provided precisely by the radiator, which performs the task of heat removal.
Features of the device of low-power lamps
The entry level in the segment is represented by compact devices with 2-4 crystals. The power of each emitter varies from 2 to 5 watts. Unlike full-size models, such lamps are characterized by the presence of a plastic case (glass covers are used in conventional designs), a modest length of about 15 cm on average and a weight of 50-70 g. At the same time, the device of low-power LED lamps for 220 V also provides for the presence of radiator blocks. These can be massive metal modules, the task of which is to protect the plastic case from overheating and melting. In this case, the requirements for heat sink are much more stringent, so the size of the radiator is often larger than in high-power LED lamps. As for the quality of radiation, users note the muffled light, more inclined to bright white and cold spectra.
Lamp shapes and socles
Especially in the choice of custom designs, it is important to calculate in advance the possibility of combining the lamp with the lamp in the form of a chandelier, sconce, floor lamp, etc. The following are the most popular form factors:
- LED pear. A standard design that resembles a classic incandescent lamp. For such models, socles of type E27 are selected.
- Candle shape. It is precisely on this case that the device of low-power 220-volt LED lamps, including the E14 and E27 caps, is based. Similar designs are often used in wall lights and small chandeliers.
- Tubular shape. This is already a non-standard version of the lamp, marked with the designations T3, T4, T20, etc. However, the external resemblance to fluorescent lamps does not go to the internal filling and especially to working qualities.
- Spherical models. For such devices, the socles G45, G60 and G80 are used, which can be integrated into different types of luminaires, both open and closed.
Control driver device
This component is not always used, but it is the 220-volt models that are the target devices. For them, devices with the HV9910 microcircuit are usually used, which can be powered from a network with a voltage of 8 to 450 V. The microcircuit itself acts as a pulse source that equalizes the current. If it is planned to use alternating current for energy supply, then the device for the driver of the LED lamp for 220 V will have to provide for the presence of a rectifier - for example, such as a bridge. In common configurations of this type, the HV9910 driver also works in combination with external transistors.
Design Features of Armstrong Type
Commercial use of lighting devices places high demands on the supporting structures into which the lamps are integrated. This is due to the need to improve protective qualities, and to the technical optimization of the installation process. At the moment, such problems are being solved by Armstrong platforms, which are a ceiling structure designed for several powerful radiation sources. Unlike standard models, the device of a 220 V LED lamp for the Armstrong design has the following characteristics:
- Corking the lamp in a monolithic plastic housing.
- The use of technologically primitive drivers (in order to reduce the cost of construction) or their complete absence.
- The use of one radiator for several lamps.
- Typical design of the supporting platform, assuming the provision of standard plinths.
Lamp control system
Modern LED devices are equipped with dimmers, through which you can adjust the operating parameters of the lamp. In particular, the user can set the brightness parameters. Some versions also include programming elements. Using the built-in timer, you can set the time, glow modes and working sessions with specific glow characteristics. A typical device for a 220 V LED lamp with a dimmer also includes a stabilizer. The fact is that the brightness is controlled by means of voltage trimming, and for the reliability of this procedure, a stabilizing component is required. Also, to ensure safety at maximum power, a safety unit is often used, the range of functions of which includes automatic shutdown of the device or its transfer to a balanced mode of operation.
How to make an LED lamp yourself?
The simplest technique for manufacturing this device is based on a burnt out or unnecessary fluorescent lamp. It is necessary to disassemble its design by removing the base with a reflector. In these parts, the most important elements are located from the point of view of the 220 V LED lamp device. The whole electrical circuit is disassembled with your own hands , during which it is necessary to remove the fuse from the reflector, as well as the diode crystal. Actually, a new lamp will be based on the finished lighting equipment, the filling of which can be arranged by means of an electrolyte. But before that, you should add a capacitor block to the configuration that can withstand at least 450 V, and preferably 630 V. And if there are not enough LEDs, they can be taken from the LED strip. The main thing is to choose components of the appropriate power. The assembly of the structure is carried out by means of superglue or compound with suitable characteristics.
Lamp mounting
The installation approach will depend on the design of the luminaire. The most difficult in terms of installation are ceiling structures, in the niches of which the lamp is integrated. These are point high-power devices that later work without shades. That is, a barely noticeable part of the optical emitter remains on the surface of the tension or suspension installation. For ease of installation, the device of a 220-volt LED lamp of this type provides locking rings and clamps. With the help of this fittings, the body is fastened to a subceiling niche. But before that, an electric line with a cartridge, into which the lamp base will be screwed, should be brought to the placement point on the side of the frame . Next, a fastening snap with a lamp is immersed and closed in the hole made in the suspension or tension web.
Repair Tips
Maintenance minimizes the risk of overhaul of the lamp with the replacement of diodes. This time can be delayed in case of regular cleaning of the device and updating of consumables. If insufficient brightness is observed during the operation of the device, this is a sign of failure of an individual crystal or a whole group. The nature of the malfunction is precisely determined by the device of the 220 V LED lamp. How to repair devices in which such malfunctions are observed? First of all, it is necessary to diagnose and identify specific areas of the malfunction. Irreversibly damaged diodes, as a rule, have black dots on the surface. They should be dismantled, cleaned up and new crystals installed. The problem will be that the radiation spectrum of the diodes may differ even with nominally similar parameters, so there are difficulties with the selection of the optimal radiator.
Conclusion
The use of LED-lamps justifies itself both in the industrial sphere and in everyday life. If at the dawn of the advent of this technology, its advantages in the form of energy saving and a high operational resource came to the fore, today management capabilities are increasingly appreciated. However, new problems arise, also caused by the multicomponent device of the 220 V LED lamp. Repair in case of serious breakdowns implies the need for a complete analysis of the product and subsequent soldering of the conductors. At least this applies to diode replacement operations. The system also includes drivers, controllers and fuses. This electrical equipment also often fails. But these shortcomings can be minimized by using not cheap Chinese LED components, but products from Osram or Philips companies.