Oral folklore is one of the most effective tools in raising children of preschool and older age. Almost from birth, the child hears from the mother nursery rhymes, lullabies, fairy tales, etc. In kindergarten and school, these and other genres are often used for development and upbringing. Riddles, tales, sayings enrich emotions, develop imagination, and are also an excellent example of the Russian language. Rich in content and form, these folk works make it possible to show children some examples of moral values.
Oral folk art in kindergarten is beginning to be used more and more. There are special programs for working in this direction, some educators prefer to choose the methodology on their own. But, in any case, this is one of the most common means of education.
So, children listen to nursery rhymes, learn to repeat them, beat, use in their games. Among other things, this contributes to the development of speech, arbitrary memory. Riddles can be taught to children not only to guess, but also to invent themselves. Proverbs and sayings play a huge role in the formation of values in children. They are very saturated emotionally, and, accordingly, the child, in order to understand the meaning of what has been said, must make certain efforts that affect not only the mind, but also feelings, which is very important for moral and aesthetic development.
It cannot be said that oral folklore for children is, above all, fairy tales. In addition, they are in most cases the most interesting for preschool kids . Also, this genre is the most accessible, since the simplicity and spontaneity of presentation is very close to the psychology of the child. On the example of many characters, such concepts as “good”, “evil”, “greed”, “courage”, etc. can be easily explained. A fairy tale introduces children into imaginary circumstances, making them experience a wide range of feelings with the hero. Having taken the side of a positive character, a preschooler solves all the tasks with him. This increases creative activity and allows you to draw conclusions that are not available in other circumstances.
At the same time, educators, teachers and parents should competently and responsibly approach the choice of works, respectively, with age-related characteristics and goals that must be achieved. So, "Gingerbread Man" is more suitable for preschool children, older children will quickly lose interest in the "primitive" plot. At school age it is already possible to offer epics, which for the most part are similar to fairy tales.
Oral folklore enriches the child's vocabulary, especially work with nurseries. These are short, melodic poems that can often be accompanied by certain actions. They help in fostering goodwill, friendliness, empathy. Gradually, children transfer them to their games.
So, at home or in kindergarten, you can make a corner in which are placed baby books, clamshell books, didactic games based on folklore, illustrations. After three years (and sometimes even earlier), kids will be happy to see pictures, retell familiar nursery rhymes, fairy tales, and be interested in new ones.
A child’s childhood is largely dependent on the environment. If, at the same time, parents and teachers surround the child with care and affection, while enriching classes with him, involving oral folklore, it is likely that he will have laid down at the very young age basic moral qualities that will only develop in the future. Folklore not only helps in the upbringing and development, but also simply diversifies everyday life and holidays.