The concept of civil law is quite multifaceted. First of all, this term is considered as a branch of legal science. In this case, the concept of civil law is a set of rules that are aimed at regulating property, as well as related personal non-property relations. These relations are based on the autonomy of the will, equality, property independence of all parties, as well as (in cases provided for by the existing law) the power subordination of some participants to others. The concept of civil law provides for standards that protect inalienable freedoms and human rights, as well as other intangible benefits. The main features characterizing the indicated branch of science are its method and subject.
The concept of civil law is considered as a system of acts that contain relevant norms, as well as science, which is a system of certain knowledge about civil law processes, and activities aimed at the production of new knowledge.
This discipline includes the general and special parts. The general part addresses issues that relate to all or the majority of relations governed by civil law. A special part covers issues that relate to certain property relationships. Moreover, the concept of obligation in civil law is often considered .
As the subject of this discipline, three categories of relationships are distinguished. The first includes property relations. They represent the main group, which is subject to regulation by the norms of the law in question. Property relations include property relations, related to property, with the results of intellectual activity, and also formed in accordance with the terms of contracts, agreements and other things.
The second category includes non-property personal relationships arising in connection with property. Such a category, for example, includes the connection of authorship with a scientific, literary work, invention, or the result of intellectual activity.
The third category includes personal relationships not related to property. They have no material content and cannot be evaluated in quantitative (monetary) terms. In addition, such relations belong to the citizen from birth and have a connection inextricable with the identity of the carrier, and therefore cannot be transferred to another person.
The relations included in the third category are not regulated by civil law. However, its standards provide for their protection. In particular, the protection of the freedom and rights of the people, health, honor, dignity, personal integrity, business reputation, an honest name, family and personal secrets, the choice of a place of stay or residence, etc. is provided.
The subject is considered and the totality of entrepreneurial relations. Entrepreneurial activity is considered independent, performed at your own risk and focused on the systematic generation of income.
Forms expressing the provisions and norms that together form the legal branch under consideration form the concept of civil law sources. They are divided into customs and regulations.
The legislation of the legislative and executive bodies, which are based on the initial principles of legal discipline as a whole, is included in the legislation of the Russian Federation. They are enshrined in the Constitution and reflect the principles of the existing economic system.
The supreme legal force is endowed with the Basic Law of the state. It is in the Constitution that all the fundamental principles of all legal branches, including civil law, are collected.