The microclimate in wooden houses is usually very good. In most cases, such buildings do not need insulation. However, cracks and holes often appear in the walls of old chopped and cobblestone structures. And then it becomes necessary to isolate the enclosing structures. Of course, this procedure should be followed strictly adhering to certain technologies. In addition to this, of course, you need to know about how to insulate wooden houses outside best.
What materials will be needed
In order to perform high-quality insulation of wooden walls, you will need to prepare:
- A beam with a section of 50 x 150 mm under the crate. You can use another option. In this case, it all depends on what thickness the insulation is selected. Its plates should be completely recessed into the crate.
- Mineral wool is an excellent answer to the question of how to insulate wooden houses outside. Plates should be sufficiently rigid. This will negate the risk of slipping in the future.
- Vapor barrier and waterproof film. These materials are necessary to protect the heat insulator from getting wet outside and inside.
- Whetstones 40 x 40 cm. They will fasten a waterproofing film.
- Siding, block house or lining. These materials are just perfect for upholstering a wooden house.
- Means for treating walls against fungus. It is also advisable to purchase a composition that increases the fire resistance of the tree.
What tools will be needed
You will also need to prepare:
- Hammer for hammering nails.
- Drill for mounting siding.
- Knife for cutting waterproofing film.
Window and door insulation
The question of how to insulate a private house comes down to the isolation of openings. Of course, there should not be any gaps between the window frames and the walls. Otherwise, the effect of quite expensive insulation work on the building itself will be reduced to zero. If there are gaps, they should first be repaired with concrete mortar. The same goes for the door jamb. The canvas itself will also be well insulated. You can buy a ready-made door with a built-in insulator. By the way, the same goes for windows. There are always microcracks in old cracked wooden frames through which precious heat leaves the house. Therefore, if funds permit, it is worth buying and installing new euro-windows. In this case, you can use a wooden or cheaper PVC "wood-like" profile.
Foundation expansion
How to insulate the walls of a wooden house, we will consider a little lower. First, let's figure out what needs to be done before that. Of course, first of all, it will be necessary to expand the base of the house. The wall cake should rest on something below. Otherwise, the heat insulator will begin to slide. For expansion, reinforcing bars are drilled into the main foundation. Next, the formwork is installed around the perimeter of the house. At the bottom of the resulting “trough” sand is poured. Next, a footing of 5 cm thickness is poured. Reinforcement is installed on it and connected with rods drilled into the main foundation. Then the fill is made. After the concrete has hardened, the formwork is removed. From above, a new part of the foundation should be waterproofed with two layers of roofing material.
Foundation insulation
In order to make the house as warm as possible, the foundation should be insulated before wall insulation. A very good solution would be to use polyurethane foam for this purpose. The material is quite expensive, however, since it retains heat much better than other insulators, it will need much less. For quite effective insulation, a layer of 3 to 10 cm is needed.
Of course, polystyrene foam can also be used for this purpose. However, in this case, it is better to purchase products from trusted manufacturers. For example, foamed insulation of the Penoplex brand, the price of which is not too high (100-300 rubles), tolerates very well the effects of aggressive substances dissolved in the soil. In addition, he is completely not afraid of moisture. Mineral wool is not recommended for foundation insulation. The fact is that this material absorbs water very easily and at the same time loses its insulating properties.
We isolate the walls: preliminary stage
So, let's begin to understand how to insulate a private house, or rather, its facades. First of all, all surfaces must be cleaned of dirt. Next, the beam or log is treated with a means to prevent the appearance of fungus. It is also worth lubricating them with compounds that increase fire resistance and destroy insects. Further, all available slots and grooves close up tow. Caulking should be done in dry weather. Instead of tow, you can use jute or hemp. These materials are pushed into the cracks with the help of a special tool - caulk. After that, you can begin to actually perform the assembly of the pie walls.
What you need to know about the heat insulator
What to insulate wooden houses on the outside, you already know. Why basalt wool? This material is considered the best choice because polystyrene or expanded polystyrene practically does not allow moisture to pass through. Even with ventilation gaps under these materials, it accumulates a lot. As a result, the pie loses some of its insulating properties, and the log or beam begins to rot.
Not even a high-quality foam insulation is suitable for cladding wooden walls. For example, the same Penoplex. The price for mineral wool is lower than for it. And therefore, the owners of the house in any case do not lose anything. Instead of basalt, you can use glass wool.
Vapor barrier
Previously, the walls are covered with material that prevents the penetration of moisture from the inside of the house into the insulation. As a vapor barrier, you can use a plastic film or some other more modern analogue of it. In the event that the walls are thick and assembled from logs, the material can be fixed directly to them. Between the crowns in this case there will be enough for effective ventilation of the free space. If they are knocked down from boards or made of timber, it will be necessary to arrange an additional clearance for ventilation. In this case, the film is pulled onto thin rails previously fixed to the wall.
Installation of the lathing
So, the answer to the question of what is better to insulate a wooden house, you now know. Mineral wool slabs are attached to the walls in the crate. Under siding, it is often fixed horizontally. Lining and block house are usually mounted on a vertical frame. The bars are mounted on self-tapping screws or nails. The step between them should be equal to the width of the mineral wool slabs. Sometimes the distance between the purlin is a little smaller. In this case, the slabs can be set up by surprise. The beam must be treated with antiseptic and flame retardant agents.
Plate installation
So, than to insulate wooden houses outside, we found out. How to install the plates? The insulation is mounted on top of the vapor barrier film between the bars of the assembled crate. Unfortunately, wooden walls are often a little uneven. Therefore, gaps may form between the plates and the crate in some places. They can be embedded in materials such as basalt, jute or flax. In order for the plates not to fall out and not to slide, it is worth additionally securing them with special plastic dowels with wide caps. If the crate is mounted vertically, sheathe walls with cotton wool begin from any angle. If the bars are horizontal, installation is carried out from the bottom up.
Usually, insulation is carried out using a material 5 cm thick. In this case, the installation is performed in two layers. In this case, the joints of the second are located above the center of the plates of the first. From below, the cake will need to be closed with a metal mesh so that mice and insects do not penetrate it.
Installation of waterproofing film
So, the best insulation for a house made of wood is mineral wool. What material should be chosen for a waterproofing device? In this case, it is worth using a special superdiffusion membrane. This material will protect the walls not only from rain, but also from the wind. For wooden houses it is allowed to use waterproofing material with a vapor permeability of at least 1400 g per m 3 .
The film is attached directly to the crate by means of 40 x 40 mm blocks. This will allow you to arrange a ventilation layer between it and the finish. Lay the film perpendicular to the location of the battens. The overlap between the individual strips should be about 10 cm. Sometimes the joints are additionally glued with construction tape.
Lining installation
Finishing material is attached to the counter-grill obtained after installing the waterproofing. There are only two main ways to fix the lining: with nails and special clamps. The first method can be considered the simplest. However, in aesthetics, such a skin of the one made in two other ways loses much. After all, the caps of carnations in any case will be clearly visible.
Therefore, the lining is often fixed to the crate by the clamps. These fasteners are first put on the shelf of the lamella groove, and then on the beam. In a similar way, a very beautiful coating can be made. In the same way, a block house is attached to the crate.
Insulation of the roof of a wooden house outside
Next, let's see how to insulate the roof of a wooden house. On finished roofs, similar work is usually done from the inside. Outside, insulation is made during the construction of the roof.
In this case, the wire is first attached to the rafters from the back side, and behind it from the inside the vapor barrier material. Further, insulation plates are installed outside. A waterproofing film is mounted above it . It is attached to the bars. Next, the crate is mounted. The step between its elements depends on the type of roofing material. Under the roofing material and soft tile, a continuous crate is arranged. Under the profile, a rarefied one with a distance between the elements of 30-50 cm is mounted.
Thus, we have figured out how to insulate an old wooden house. As you can see, the procedure is not particularly complicated. The most important thing is to follow the work procedure and not violate the technology. In this case, the wooden building will turn out to be warm and cozy, and the ventilated facade and the roof themselves will last a long time.